tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-25674870417362175332024-03-12T19:43:50.785-07:00Writing history essaysAcademic Paper Review Of Literature On TopicBailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-69019994047049751152020-08-27T00:15:00.001-07:002020-08-27T00:15:08.969-07:00The Theory Of FunctionalismThe Theory Of Functionalism The hypothesis of functionalism is the most established, and may likewise be the most prevailing hypothetical viewpoint of humanism. Functionalism concurs that cerebrum states are answerable for mental states, however differs that they will in general be indistinguishable from one another. It is the contention from a functionalist point of view, that, the cerebrum movement or neurological states are what acknowledges mental states, which thus lead to the conduct yield in a physical manner. It has an expansive assortment of positions which it is equipped for articulating in a wide range of different structures. They can be arranged into the accompanying; Diagnostic functionalism: The most generally utilized type of functionalism, which depicts the causal job as an expected set of responsibilities of mental states, which are gotten from our ideas. Logical functionalists guarantee, that, the determinations for a useful job (sets of responsibilities) for mental states are from the earlier. The subsequent rendition is Physchofunctionalism; which dismisses the possibility of behaviorism in brain science, just as reject the physical part of the psyche. The third would be Machine-state functionalism: This similarity was advanced by Hilary Putnam, a notable American thinker, who was motivated by the analogies of psyche (the Turing machines) which can process every given calculation. In non-specialized terms, the brain is an extremely intricate PC program. It is a state wherein given an info B, and such and such will in general occur. A model is the point at which we input a lot of numbers into the PC through a console/programming. It suggests that cerebrum states are exercises which are low level, while assisting with acknowledging mental states which are significant level. To enable the peruser to comprehend about the thought which was portrayed above, I will utilize the more typical functionalist guide to examine the connection between the product and the PC. For instance, we type the numbers 5 in addition to 8, on the one level (low level), the PC is subject to the product for input. The product inside the PC is computing the response to the numbers entered, while at the other level (elevated level), the data is yield on the screen. In this case, the functionalists would contend that the procedure of count would be discharged by the equipment (screen). In this way, the product which is utilized by the equipment, goes about as the capacity job. This PC model can be utilized to convert into the provisions of the cerebrum. The psychological states are subject to the cerebrum states similarly, as the PCs programming is reliant on the computerãÆ'⠯ãâ⠿ãââ ½s equipment for the yield of the data (screen) and the other way around. In the functionalists see, the mind states help to understand the psychological states which works as an all out useful framework. With this, it is implied that the brain is comprised of the absolute conceivable useful mental states that it can have. These will cooperate with the sources of info (programming), and the equipment (screen) together, before the two of them produce the yields. Functionalists state that on the off chance that we consider mental states likewise, at that point perhaps one day the machine may do the reasoning or be falsely insightful. Along these lines, we could contrast our procedure of deduction with a PC programming, which thusly could run on a few unique machines. The idea for a machine is the idea of a computerized reasoning. This knowledge can be delegated frail AI or solid AI. This kind of knowledge would make it conceivable that one day a PC could be created with its very own psyche. As such, it would think, envision, and reason. It could in the long run do all the things we partner with the human cerebrum. In a feeble AI model, it is contended that the insight of a PC seems to think all alone, however it is really oblivious a similar way human minds are. In the powerless AI, much the same as in the human cerebrum, an information must happen so as to create a yield. When contrasting functionalism and dualism for instance, it has clear qualities. Functionalism attempts to clarify conduct, instead of simply watching it. It utilizes the physical world to clarify the psychological states, consolidating physical contributions with the yields, instead of isolating the physical world from the brain. In Dualism for instance, mental and physical states are both independent, all in all terms, the two can't be absorbed to frame one unit (Levin, 2009). One of the most renowned thinkers in the seventeenth century, Descartes, who viewed himself as a Dualist, additionally contended against the idea of mechanical and psyche properties to be the equivalent (Cottingham, p. 221, 2012). His idea persuaded that the psyche and the body could in fact exist without each other. On the other hand, how could the brain work without the physical? This would not be conceivable. For instance, on the off chance that we accept torment for instance. Agony simply doesn't occur in our mind. Agony can be related to something material (physical) which sends a neurological message to our cerebrum that something harms (mental). As should be obvious, the physical and mental angles relate, as opposed to act independently. Another quality of functionalism, is that an utilitarian framework can be feasible in various manners. For instance, on the off chance that we allude back to the PC similarity, a similar program ought to be usable on various PCs. Conceivably, PCs could have minds like our own, as long as they can play out the a few capacities as us. Then again, a few scholars think functionalist records of mental states will in general be excessively liberal. For a few, it is a slip-up for a PC and its product to have indistinguishable mental states from a human. A portion of these thinkers have contended that a PC and programming would be not able to show veritable feelings. It would likewise be unequipped for cognizance without somebody contributing data for example composing the numbers 5 in addition to 8 into the product. Functionalism appears to preclude the qualia of feeling or any cognizance simultaneously. This could be to some extent that is incorporates non-living things, as conceivable mental states. A few pundits of functionalism do contend that psychological conditions of living things (people) or frameworks (PCs) should incorporate a record of qualia (feelings and cognizance). Another issue with functionalism would be that PCs are non-living, it doesnt not utilize its own approaching data for their conduct as do people and other living things (non-human creatures). With respect to non-living things, they are not frameworks or living things which depend on endurance; and they don't have personal circumstances of their own. These are a portion of the contemplations which dissenters contend for, and call for functionalism to refine its hypothesis. The base is attempt to recognize the living things from the non-living. Would the issue with functionalism be replied if we somehow happened to envision the psyche as though it were bound together? Maybe one could take a gander at individual mental states and envision that some of them could depict certain angles? for example memory and tackling issues, yet no sort of feeling or cognizance. In the event that the PC for instance would depict any of the previously mentioned, for example, memory or taking care of issues without anyone else, one would not discuss the PC with having a brain or not. One would talk about the PC as having had the option to tackle an issue and utilizing its ability for memory to store the information and so on. Would one inquire as to whether it has a psyche, albeit, one would prefer to enquire about its ability for memory, its double dealing and so forth. The qualities and shortcomings have been expressed for functionalism. It is an odd hypothesis that non-living things could offer ascent to various mental occasions. With the goal for us to comprehend on how our psyche functions, we have to comprehend these procedures. Just one sort of cerebrum state is required by functionalism, so as to relate with occasions in our mind. It additionally appears, that, functionalism is subject to things which are physical as opposed to including mental occasions from the start. It unquestionably forgets about feelings and thinking. The reason for functionalism is by all accounts input yield as it were. Lets state, somebody steps on a pin and they yell. The functionalists see appears to show that fake creatures and frameworks could deliver their own awareness and contemplations. Regardless of whether mechanical progressions of extraordinary extent can be made, a machine couldn't duplicate the sentiments and contemplations of a human. These models would incorporate pressure, tension, anxiety and so on.. It is odd to believe that a machine could be creating a character that feels anxious or has an ethical commitment to things. It maybe perhaps the case that functionalists are diving extremely somewhere down so as to discover and legitimize their hypothesis on mental states and mental occasions. Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-5514492424461563112020-08-22T10:00:00.001-07:002020-08-22T10:00:25.153-07:00Free The Monk and the Riddle Book Review SampleFree The Monk and the Riddle Book Review Sample Question One: What was astonishing or distinctive about this book comparative with what you think about business enterprise? Prior to perusing this book, the part of business enterprise that I had as a top priority was that of searching for circumstances wherein to accomplish budgetary fulfillment throughout everyday life. Growing up, I comprehended that being a business person involved setting up organizations and adventures, which will achieve major money related returns. Be that as it may, perusing The Monk and the Riddle gave me an alternate point of view regarding the matter of being or turning into an effective business visionary. The creator gives definite desires from the business enterprise field that is totally different from what I had as a main priority. As indicated by the book, being a business person ought not be about the outcome which a great many people bank on monetary accomplishment however should concentrate for the most part on the excursion towards achieving the set objectives (Komisar and Kent 21). Business enterprise should lay accentuation on administration, the board, energy, and drive which help characterize a person. At long last, a business visionary will be compensated from the excursion embraced in the business instead of the result. Being a fruitful business person implies that an individual, through the business, picked up fulfillment monetarily as well as in understanding. Any eventual business visionary needs to set up objectives which takes into account accomplishment of fulfillment in work itself. Another outstanding contrast regarding the matter is the capacity of any business visionary to give up off control. The attitude of all business visionaries is that they need have control and impact in their endeavors. Be that as it may, the creator completely investigates the upsides of giving out control to other capable individuals so as to take into consideration the development of the business. While examining about administration, the creator encourages business pe ople to get individuals to do what should be accomplished for the business and this could wind up being improved. Authority is a craftsmanship and business visionaries must urge individuals to surpass their own desires, motivate individuals to be incredible and get them all to cooperate in amicability. Question Two: What are your impressions of Lenny? For what reason was Randy ready to give Lenny his time? The impression I got of Lenny is that of any contemporary business person endeavoring to have his dare to get in the market. Lenny has extraordinary thoughts of what he needs his dare to be however has his eyes shut to the truth of business enterprise. From the conversation introduced by his collaboration with Randy, it is obvious that Lenny appears to be certain about his way to deal with business and the proposed marketable strategy however needs sight on the sound essentials of the underlying industry thought. Lenny has the mindset of moving in the direction of accomplishing budgetary targets from his endeavor. From the thought introduced to Randy, the eventual business person has confused expectations on the business front wanting to accomplish everything without help from others. Lenny accepts as a business person, he ought to be in charge of everything in his business from improvement to usage. Nonetheless, this is an off-base impression of the excursion towards achieving fulfi llment in work. Lenny depicts a commonplace Eastern pushy-sales rep suit, engaged with the business for the cash compensates as it were. (Lambing and Charles) Regardless of the desire introduced to Randy by Lenny, the last is prepared and ready to help him on the grounds that as a built up business visionary it is basic to give rules to other would - be business visionaries. Randy cautiously tunes in to Lenny on the grounds that he needs the youthful business visionary to drop the potential money related prizes point of view and spotlight on fulfillment. All the more along these lines, Randy gives guidance, contacts, and administration for business people needing experience like Lenny. The fundamental job Randy plays is aiding would-be business people through the underlying period of business improvement and afterward resigns to the less focal job of guide. Randys guidance to Lenny is that a pioneer with numerous thoughts however needs vision and enthusiasm will lead his business to the channel. Question Three: What do you consider the Deferred Life Plan? In the book, the writer takes note of the propensity of individuals in the contemporary world yielding their current life to difficult work and winning a living to ensure their future presence. In more straightforward terms, this is carrying on with a conceded life plan whereby one denies oneself an average way of life for the sake of securing what's to come. The creator contends that individuals don't need to forfeit their lives so as to achieve things they are enthusiastic about, be it busy working or in business. In my comprehension, the hypothesis and practicability of conceded life plan is genuine among youngsters particularly those joining the work advertise. The vast majority participate in exercises, work, or business, which they have little enthusiasm however hold tight to them for budgetary fulfillment. Curiously, this budgetary fulfillment doesn't come to fruition and the very individuals wind up losing on different fulfillments they could pick up busy working. Putting off what you truly love to do and taking part in different exercises or business, which is less; palatable is the start of driving a conceded life plan. By not chipping away grinding away and business, one is enthusiastic about methods conceding feeling of fervor and enthusiasm for what you truly care about throughout everyday life. Komisar further clarifies that is buckling down isn't conflicting with the conceded life plan however buckling down for things that bring less fervor and intrigue is a piece of conceded life plan (Komisar and Kent 35). Contrasting the hypothesis and the genuine life setting, with the conceded life plan, one winds up prevailing on things, which don't make a difference in their life. All the more naturally, conceded life plan prompts accomplishing at something, which has no meaning of the genuine, you. As people, we have to guarantee that we get fulfillment in whatever we do and this ought to be at a sensible age. It isn't fulfillment when we need to hold as long as sixty years or more to begin appreciating life. Question Four: What do you consider the development of Lennys opportunity? What worth does Lenny get from Randy and the VCs? The development prove in Lennys opportunity is extraordinary as it offers him and different specialists to take part in exercises, which realize fulfillment. The open door made doesn't just guarantee budgetary rewards yet in addition work fulfillment. The open door further presents Lenny with an opportunity to take part in an undertaking for the correct reasons as opposed to looking for money related fulfillment as it were. In looking for help from individuals progressed in the issues of enterprise, Lenny acquires data on different parts of business. Randy offers Lenny inside and out guidance on what investment firms require, concentrating on the attributes of CEOs during different periods of the foundations. In this manner, Lenny comprehends the contrast between a decent director and a decent pioneer, which as a future CEO of a business is important data. The executives and initiative aptitudes are an essential for anybody planning to set up any sort of adventure. With time, the proprietor of the business should give up off the control of the business and this, Randy clarifies requires significant administration aptitudes. Lenny discovers that the pith of business is for the business person to procure all round fulfillment at all phases of life. The exercises occupied with by the business person ought not confine the laborers from accomplishing fulfillment at all levels. Being a business person implies setting out on an excursion for silly and energetic individuals who have faith notwithstanding question. All the more along thes e lines, the importance of imparting thoughts on business enterprise to other experienced individuals will help support the underlying objectives. VCs are driven by hazardous thoughts consequently need potential pioneers to direct them and not simply devotees. Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-78107899013812765892020-08-21T07:42:00.001-07:002020-08-21T07:42:03.001-07:00Impulsive DecisionsImpulsive Decisions Happy Holidays everyone! I cant believe another semesters done and over with pushing me officially past the halfway point at MIT. (AHHH). Im now sitting at home, trying to relax but not quite, because there is a LOT of work to be done. But how could this be! Its Christmas! Well, lets back up a little bit⦠For one reason or other that I cannot fully explicate, this semester has been a blur, passing by faster than I could process. While one always needs a certain level of conscious judgment to go to classes, carry on coursework, etc., I feel like this semester, Ive been putting school on cruise control. This functionality might come from having been at MIT for a while already from becoming an upperclassman and developing a programmed rhythm for handling a semester, all the way from pre-registering classes to finals⦠A parallel (or antithesis?) to this apparent cruise control on the school side is a burgeoning urge to just LET. LOOSE. and jump on everything not class related. Im not sure if this makes sense, but basically this has been an impulsive semester. Early in the school year, I kept getting emails about spending IAP all-expenses paid in Korea, teaching kids science/English. I never gave it a second thought, because its just not something I imagined doing during IAP. But one night in September, I was checking my emails, writing down my French Word of the Day and then Korean Word of the Day, and then a lightbulb literally went off in my head. I could be learning Korean from these emailsor I could be learning Korean in Korea !? I mean, why CANT I be on the other side of the world during IAP? Why MUST I do something completely career-related (the career part of which Im not totally sure about yet anyway)? So I just grabbed a notebook, jumped on my bed, wrote down ideas, and sent in an application. So here I am on Christmas Day, putting together several weeks of teaching materials for this Jeju Global Initiative, which is a very new project aiming to connect MIT students with talented young students in Korea who already have some experience in English. The bigger goal here then is to inspire an interest in science, technology, debate, and thinking-out-of-the-box in general. Twenty-two students, myself included, will be heading to Jeju Island, Korea and teaching courses on site at Jeju National University. Over the month of January, I will be teaching a three-week class on the impact of design and a one-week class on the power of modern media. Were also doing night-time lectures on random, fun topics. Some of my topics are: typography, American slang, hip-hop, and rapid prototyping. And Jeju Island itself isnt too shabby :P But well be going in Januaryso maybe itll be more like this. Anyways, side story This semester, I also got my ears pierced for the first time. You know, if youre a girl and you didnt get your ears pierced by your parents when you were a baby, or before 7 years old, or during that preteen phase when everyone did it its going to take some convincing. Or maybe I just think too much. Anyway, Ive been considering getting my ears pierced for several years now, but just couldnt go through with it. The first phase of doubt was simply pain. (But I didnt want to admit to being a baby and got over that.) Then it was the practical concern of too much maintenance and inconvenience. (Again, this seemed lame.) And most recently, I preoccupied myself with a more high-brow excuse: I dont want any part of my body altered from the way it originally was. (Yeahâ¦.ok.) Despite this towering pyramid of the stages of psychological defense, I went to a piercing parlor with my good friend Juhee on a random Wednesday and got it done. (Shoutout to the Juhee who got the industrial piercing that day and made sure I did not back out). At the turn of November, I havent really gotten over all those previous concerns but getting my ears pierced suddenly felt like somethingIjusthavetodonow. Inexplicable, but I did it! And its done! And theres no going back! And Im very happy about it :) I was chatting with a friend in studio in the middle of the night about one thing weve both learned this semester so much can change in just one week. It took just a minute or two for me to decide I want to do the Jeju program, and another to decide on pierced ears. Live anticipating nothing but surprise, often from yourself. :) On that note, I am leaving on Wednesday and will update from Korea! Have good winter breaks everybody ~ Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-47100454656714486702020-05-25T01:56:00.001-07:002020-05-25T01:56:06.552-07:00Romeo - A Character Profile From Romeo and Juliet One of the original star-crossd lovers, Romeo is the male half of the ill-fated pair who drive the action in the Shakespearean tragedy, Romeo and Juliet. Much has been written about the origins of the character, as well Romeos influence on other young male lovers throughout Western literature, but rather than a role model to be emulated, Shakespeares Romeo is an enduring example of young love gone horribly wrong.à What Happens to Romeo The heir of the House of Montague, Romeo meets and becomes enamored with Juliet, the young daughter of the House of Capulet. Most interpretations of the story estimate Romeo to be about 16 years old, and Juliet to be just shy of her 14th birthday.à For reasons unexplained, the Montagues and Capulets are bitter enemies, so the young lovers know their affair will anger their families, however, the titular couple isnt interested in family feuds, and instead, they choose to pursue their passion.à While Romeo and Juliet secretly marry with the help of his friend and confidant, Friar Laurence, the two are doomed from the start. After Julietsà cousin Tybalt kills Romeos friend Mercutio, Romeo retaliates by killing Tybalt. For this, he is sent into exile, returning only when he hears of Juliets death. Unbeknownst to Romeo, Julietââ¬âwho is being forced to marry Paris (a wealthy suitor favored by her father) against her willââ¬âhas come up with a scheme to fake her own death and be reunited with her true love. Friar Laurence sends a message to Romeo informing him of her plan, but the note never reaches Romeo. Romeo, truly believing Juliet is dead, is so heartbroken, he kills himself in a fit of grief, at which point, Juliet awakens from the sleeping draught shes taken to find Romeo is no more. Unable to bear the loss of her love, she too, kills herselfââ¬âonly this time, for real.à Origins of the Romeo Character Romeo and Juliet make their first appearance in Giulietta e Romeo, a 1530 story by Luigi da Porto, which was itself adapted from Masuccio Salernitanos 1476 work Il Novellino. All of these works can, in some way or other, trace their origins to Pyramus and Thisbe, another pair of ill-fated lovers found in Ovids Metamorphoses. Pyramus and Thisbe live next door to each other in ancient Babylon. Forbidden by their parents to have anything to do with one anotherââ¬âthanks again to an ongoing family feudââ¬âthe couple nevertheless manages to communicate through cracks in the wall between the family estates. The similarities to Romeo and Juliet dont end there. When the Pyramus and Thisbe finally arrange a meeting, Thisbe arrives at the predetermined spotââ¬âa mulberry treeââ¬âonly to find it being guarded by a menacing lioness. Thisbe runs away, accidentally leaving her veil behind. Upon arriving, Pyramus finds the veil, and believing the lioness has killed Thisbe, he falls on his swordââ¬âliterally. Thisbe returns to find her lover dead, and then she too dies of a self-inflicted wound from Pyramus sword.à While Pyramus and Thisbe may not have been Shakespeares direct source for Romeo and Juliet, it was certainly an influence on the works from which Shakespeare drew, and he used the trope more than once. In fact, Romeo and Juliet was written in a concurrent timeframe to A Midsummer Nights Dream, in which Pyramus and Thisbe is staged as a play within a playââ¬âonly this time for comedic effect. Was Romeos Death Fate? After the young lovers die, the Capulets and Montagues finally agree to end their feud. Shakespeare leaves it mostly to his audience to decide whether or not Romeo and Juliets deaths were predestined as part of the legacy of their families longstanding enmity, or if perhaps the conflict might have been ended by more peaceful means had the families been willing to embrace love rather than hate. Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-45483112188307343102020-05-14T08:51:00.001-07:002020-05-14T08:51:03.172-07:00Greek Mythology An Oral Tradition - 1449 Words Greek mythology was an oral tradition that began in the Bronze Age. Greek mythology was used as a means to explain the environment, the natural phenomena they witnessed, and the passing of time through days, months, and seasons (Cartwright). Around 700 BC, a poet named Hesoid, offered the first origin story of Greek mythology. The Theogony details an elaborate family tree of gods and goddesses who evolved from a primeval void and descended from Earth, the sky, the sea, and the underworld (History.com). Later Greek writers and artists used and elaborated these sources in their work and compiled ancient myths and legends for contemporary audiences (History.com). For the Greeks, these ancient gods and goddesses had control over every aspect of their lives. The ancient Greeks believed there were a great number of gods and goddesses. They could be kind or mean, angry or pleasant, cruel or loving (ââ¬Å"Gods and Goddessesâ⬠). Olympian gods and goddesses looked like men and women and were vulnerable to human error (ââ¬Å"Gods and Goddessesâ⬠). Temples and sanctuaries were built in honor of most gods and goddesses and festivals were held with parades, sports, sacrifices, and competitions. Each Greek god and goddess had a specific duty in the Earth (ââ¬Å"Gods and Goddessesâ⬠). For the ancient Greeks, these gods and goddesses shaped their everyday lives. Greek myths, as any religious or non-written sources, were either believed or discounted by some people (Cartwright). Myths were certainly used forShow MoreRelatedGreek Lore Research Paper Outline1082 Words à |à 5 Pages Greek Lore Research Paper Outline Folklore is a collection of stories passed down from generation to generation that include Legends, Myths, and Fairy Tales. Legends are traditional stories sometimes popularly regarded as historical but unauthenticated. Myths are traditional stories, especially one concerning the early history of a people or explaining some natural or social phenomenon, and typically involving supernatural beings or events. 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In the Greek myths Hermes is initially a sly infant Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-53922944352441562042020-05-06T14:59:00.001-07:002020-05-06T14:59:30.015-07:00A Successful Business Turn Your Passion Into Profits Essay How To Start And Grow A Successful Business - Turn Your Passion Into Profits By Krisz Rokk | Submitted On January 01, 2013 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook 1 Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Krisz Rokk More than 60 percent of businesses close doors within the first year of starting operations because of a number of constraints. For you to start a business and succeed, you need to have a lot of determination, resilience, self-discipline and focus. Businesses such as Apple were able to succeed because their founders had adequate focus and inner drive to take the business to the next level. Here are eight key things you should know to start and grow a successful business: 1. Follow Your Inner Passion As a matter of fact, achieving success in life is not a prerequisite for those who want to be happy. However, happiness is mandatory if success is to be achieved. Success is achieved by those who love what they are doing. It is advisable for anyone who wants to start a business to select something that he or she loves the most, but this should be something that has a market. If you choose something that can t sell, there is high probability that your efforts will never pay off. 2. Work on YourShow MoreRelatedTurn Your Passion Into Profits Essay716 Words à |à 3 PagesTurn Your Passion Into Profits By Marcia Weider Jul 2, 2011 In business, dreaming is serious business and the driving force for transformation. Without vision companies fail, and without our personal vision, our dreams, our lives, can become mundane, redundant -- even stagnant. When we are in touch with our passion we have more energy, enthusiasm and creativity. In a business context passion sells. Wouldn t you rather do business with people who enjoy what they are doing rather than someoneRead MoreInnocent Drinks : A Company1294 Words à |à 6 Pagesfirst began selling their smoothies at a music festival, due to the popularity of their smoothies they began to develop their business and got a à £250,000 investment from a wealthy business man. 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But with determination, he trusted on his ability, started over again and bought his first hotel outsideRead MoreEntrepreneurial Leadership1321 Words à |à 6 Pages Analyze and describe the founding leader(s), leadership style, and major business principles of a profit-oriented entrepreneurial approach in which the primary goal is to provide a product or service to consumers and to make a profit In a time where greed and self-absorption is rampant, a very simple idea has made Southwest Airlines the largest and most profitable domestic airline today. That simpleRead MoreSam Walton, Made in America, My Story Essay1332 Words à |à 6 Pagesalways trying to get the most out of money, and had a burning ambition to succeed. This was evident in his book Sam Walton, Made in America, My Story. He was a hard working individual who helped his family through the depression, started his own business from almost nothing and changed the field of management for ever. Sam Walton was born in 1918 in Kingfisher, Oklahoma during the Great Depression. Sam obtained his work ethic from his father Thomas Gibson Walton who was a hard worker and had allRead MoreSam Walton, Made in America, My Story Essay1336 Words à |à 6 Pagesalways trying to get the most out of money, and had a burning ambition to succeed. This was evident in his book Sam Walton, Made in America, My Story. He was a hard working individual who helped his family through the depression, started his own business from almost nothing and changed the field of management for ever. Sam Walton was born in 1918 in Kingfisher, Oklahoma during the Great Depression. Sam obtained his work ethic from his father Thomas Gibson Walton who was a hard worker and had all Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-74380046152379173792020-05-05T16:25:00.001-07:002020-05-05T16:25:20.038-07:00Lump Sum Payment Was Recurring In Nature â⬠Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About The Lump Sum Payment Was Recurring In Nature? Answer: Introducation Eric has procured etc various assets like collectibles, personal use assets, in the last year and because of appropriate information in the question, it is assumed that such assets are not held more than a year. As a result, the indexation advantage cannot be availed by Eric owing to such holding period and when the sale value of such assets exceed their acquisition cost, they become liable for capital gains tax (ATO, 2017). The reason behind the purchase of personal assets can be attributed to the fact that these facilitate self-use and enjoyment. Furthermore, if the procurement expense of these assets is more than $10000, then the capital gain tax shall incur on the sale of such assets. Eric has purchased a home sound system for $12000 in the given case. In addition, collectibles have been purchased for personal benefit as well and if their procurement expense is more than $500, then taxability of capital gain tax must incur upon the same (ATO, 2017). Eric has purchased collectibles like painting, an antique vase, and antique chair respectively. It can also be witnessed from the case that he has purchased some shares in a listed company that pursues a procurement expense of $5000. For computation of capital gain, the sales proceeds must be deducted from the procurement cost of the assets List of assets acquired by Eric Sale consideration Procurement expense of such assets Net capital loss or gain Antique Chair $3,000 $1000 $2000 Loss Antique Vase $3000 $2,000 $1000 Painting $1000 $9,000 $8000 Loss Home sound system $11000 $12,000 $1000 Loss listed company shares $20000 $5,000 $15000 Net capital gain= $5000 Based on the above computation, it can be seen that the losses for the year have been set-off with the income in the same year so that net capital gain can be determined. Furthermore, it must also be noted that the above-mentioned assets have formed part of the computation because their acquisition cost is more than what is specified for taxability of capital gain. Overall, after considering all such scenarios, the net capital gain comes to $5000 for Eric in the given year. It can be seen in the given case that Brian has been offered a loan of $1 million from his employer at a very special rate of interest that is repayable in monthly installments. This criterion is similar to that of a loan fringe benefit because, in this benefit, the employer attempts to offer his employee a loan at a special rate of interest (lesser than that of the required rate of interest). Sometimes, in such benefit, no interest is charged from the employee (Pratt Kulsrud, 2013). Thus, since in the given question as well, the criterion prevails, the loan offered to Brian will be considered a loan fringe benefit. Furthermore, to compute the taxability of such benefit, such required interest rate must be known and since the question does not specify the same, the interest rate on April 1, 2016, shall be considered the statutory or required interest rate. On April 1 2016, the rate was 5.65% respectively. The taxable amount of such benefit will be computed here without accounting for the deductible rule. For such purpose, the loan interest (actual interest) will be deducted from the loan interest (required or statutory interest). Therefore, loan interest (actual interest) = $1000000 * 1% = $10,000. Similarly, the loan interest (statutory) = $1000000 * 5.65% = $56,500 Taxable amount is equal to $56,500 - $10,000 that amounts to $46,500 The loan interest (required or statutory interest rate) will be computed after assuming that the same was actually payable by Brian. Hence, it amounts to $10,00,000 * 5.65% that gives $56,500 The loan amount of one million obtained by Brian has been utilized for meeting future obligations and other income generating purposes. He has used around forty percent of such loan. Therefore, the amount of hypothetical tax-deductible interest expenses will amount to $56,500 * 40% that gives $22,600 respectively. In this step, the same criterion as mentioned above will be considered, except the fact that the interest expense will not be hypothetical and instead, it will be the actual interest amount. Therefore, it shall amount to $10,000 * 40% that gives $4000 The amount obtained in step (d) will be subtracted from the amount obtained in step (c). Hence, it will amount to $18,600 ($22,600 - $4000) The final amount will be computed by subtracting the amount derived in step (e) from the amount in step (a). Therefore, this amounts to $27,900 ($46,500 - $18,600). Instead of monthly installments, if the interest was repayable after the expiry of the loan, then the deemed time of such loan would be considered from the time when such interest was paid or it became payable as a whole. It can be observed from the given question that an agreement has been entered into betwixt Jack and Jill so that they can purchase a rental property with the borrowed money. Besides, based on the agreement, both are going to serve as joint tenants of the purchased property. However, if they decide to sell the same in the upcoming future, Jill shall obtain 90% of the profits while Jack will attain the rest. In addition, if there is no gain from the sale of such property, the entire amount of loss shall be borne by Jack alone (Renton, 2005). Nevertheless, it can be seen that the loss amount of $10,000 incurred in the last year must be borne by Jack alone and the amount can either be added to his other income (if any) or can be carried forward in the next year. With the help of this right, Jack can easily make use of the loss amount to determine his total income for the year. Nonetheless, if the property is sold, there may be either a loss or income from the same. In the case of gain, both Jack and Jill shall share the profits but in the ratio of 10:90 and Jack can also utilize the losses incurred last year to set-off against the income accruing in the current year so that net income can be calculated. In contrast to this, if there is a loss from the sale of such property, Jill is under no obligation to bear the same because as per the agreement, the entire loss must be borne by Jack alone (Sadiq et. al, 2014). However, he can carry forward the same or set-off the same in order to ascertain his total income for the year. Therefore, on a whole, it can be concluded that in the given case, the sharing of profits is done in the ratio of 10:90 while the losses will be borne by Jack alone. Thus, the treatment of tax does not affect Jill in any circumstance and Jack remains always liable to bear the entire amount of losses in his books of accounts. The case of IRC v Duke of Westminster [1936] AC 1 assists in representing the principle that every person has full right to manage his accounts and financials that can allow him to minimize his total tax payable in a year. Besides, it is also mentioned in the case that if any person is successful in minimizing his total tax payable by the adoption of legal ways, then even the Commissioners of Inland Revenue does not have any right to stop them from doing so. The only requirement that this case law necessitates is that the documents depicting the truthfulness of the transaction must be genuine in nature and then the courts even cannot rely on some underlying framework to contradict their doings. Nevertheless, with due course of time, the significance of this rule has been lost because of the arrival of many other similar case studies in this regard (Adams, 2011). As a result, the viewpoint of people in relation to the observation of accounting and taxation affairs has become distinct in nature in the current situation. The utmost significance of this rule in the current scenario is that it plays a key role in preventing the organizations from influencing relevant material from the financial statements. This means that the rule assists every organization and individuals to operate their affairs in a genuine way (Adams, 2011). For instance, a business organization can make use of legal ways to write off its fixed assets to their respective carrying value so that the losses and debts that are exerting pressure over it can be avoided. In such a scenario, even if such business organization does not have proper relevant documents in regard to the same, then also it will be sufficient to just write off the fixed assets (Nethercott et. al, 2013). However, such business organization must not try to engage in illegal methods to manipulate their material information from the financial statements because this rule restricts them from doing so. The owner of a big piece of land accommodating hue pine trees intends to graze his sheep on such land but the prevalence of such trees obstructs him from doing so. Bill who is the owner wants to hire a logging company for the same so that the company can obtain as much as timber from his land and in return, he is compensated. In the first case, it can be seen that Bill intends to receive $1000 for every meter of timber cleared by the logging company. In this case, since a number of receipts is not provided, the same will be regarded as a revenue receipt. As a result, it must not attract capital gains tax (Cartwright, 2013). However, in the second case, it can be seen that Bill intends to receive $50000 as a lump sum amount for clearance of the entire trees from his land. This receipt is purely a capital receipt because of the following reasons: The receipt is incurred only after granting of a right by Bill to clear the entire trees from the land. It is not a small payment and instead, it is lump sum in nature. It is a non-recurring receipt because, after clearance of trees, they will take time to grow once again. Therefore, this receipt will be regarded as a capital receipt and hence, will attract capital gain tax as well. On a whole, even though in both the cases, Bill receives some amount of money, yet their nature is altogether distinct. Besides, the criterion of a capital receipt as mentioned above is not visible in the first case because it was not a lump sum payment and it was recurring in nature. In contrast to this, the second case occurs only after giving a right to the logging company and it can be treated as a sale of an asset to a company (Nethercott et. al, 2013). Whilst the first case is taxable at normal rates, the second case is taxable under capital gains. References Adams, J. (2011). What is The Difference Between Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion?. Accessed September 19, 2017 from https://www.taxinsider.co.uk/680-What_is_The_Difference_Between_Tax_Avoidance_and_Tax_Evasion.html ATO. (2017). Capital Gain tax. Accessed September 20, 2017 from https://www.ato.gov.au/general/capital-gains-tax/ Cartwright, M. (2013). Death to the Australia Tax?. Accessed September 19, 2017 from https://www.ato.gov.au/Individuals/Deceased-estates/Being-an-executor/Tax-responsibilities Nethercott, L, Richardson, G Devos, K. (2013). Australian Taxation Study Manual. Oxford University Press Pratt, J.W Kulsrud, W.N. (2013). Federal Taxation. Penguin Publishers. Renton N.E, (2005) Income Tax and Investment. John Wiley Sons Australia Ltd Sadiq, K, Coleman, C, Hanegbi, R, Jogarajan,S, Krever, R, Obst, W, Ting, A. (2014). Principles of Taxation Law. Sydney Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-14110358162767682572020-04-06T07:28:00.001-07:002020-04-06T07:28:02.695-07:00I love Facebook. It is the new Christmas card. Tha Essays - Culture I love Facebook. It is the new Christmas card. That's the way I perceive Facebook these days. Whatever else it may be to me on a daily basis, I consider it at the very least to be the way I will stay in touch with people whom I don't connect with very often. Instead of some ratty old scribbled-on, perpetually-incorrect and out-of-date address book like the one my mother has been dragging around for decades, Facebook lets me know where old neighbors, distant relatives, former colleagues, and middle-school girlfriends can be found if I need them, and often tells me what they are up to these days. Facebook gives me all of this without any effort at all. That's why Facebook is cool. But Facebook also gives me so much more. I can waste time during the day socializing with more current and geographically present friends, including those I do actually spend time with in person, when we are otherwise supposed to be working at our respective and supposed jobs. It reminds me of all the specials and events happening at my favorite local pubs. It updates my address book automatically with new profile photos of my friends, even the funny ones, so I see them on my phone when they call me. The other day I thought Duran Duran was trying to call me from the 80s, but it turns out my little sister just likes Duran Duran. Even if it means I sometimes have to be aware of how awesome Joe is at playing Mafia Wars, and how many barns Karen has on her virtual farm, it is totally worth it. I once thought that having an Excel file with all my friends' names, phone numbers, and email addresses in it was a big improvement over my mother's address book, because I didn't have to erase or scribble anything out to update it. I don't have to update Facebook at all. And even though this all happens more or less automatically, I still have options. I can choose whether to participate, and to what degree. I can post status updates, or just be nosey and read everyone else's updates, commenting only when I have something mean to say. I can post pictures of my kids and/or my ridiculous drunken escapades while the kids are away with their mother, or not. I can post current photos of myself if I feel like it, or only old and awesome ones. I can look at photos of other people's kids, and pretend I care by commenting about how cute they are, or I can make fun of them from a safe distance without hurting anyone's feelings. I can keep separate lists of people with whom I have different kinds of relationships, and control what each of those groups of people sees. I can make sure that no one from work sees photos of my kids or is ever otherwise aware that I sometimes participate in wholesome family activities. I can make sure that my family members neve r see anything that might even slightly resemble professional activity. I can make sure that everyone sees the photos from outside the strip club. I have a very poor reputation to maintain, and Facebook helps me reach my goals. I have some friends, henceforth referred to as "individuals formerly known as friends" because everyone knows that use of the term "friend" only applies to Facebook, who swear they will never use Facebook because of some deep-held philosophical, moral, or ethical convictions. I think that is a lot of bullshit. And I don't say this only because I have no philosophy, morals, or ethics of my own. I also really mean it. Some of these individuals formerly known as friends tell me that their disinterest in Facebook is a result of their preference to communicate "face-to-face" because it provides a richer and more meaningful interpersonal experience. Bullshit. If I avoided communicating with my friends and family except when there were time and opportunity to participate in a rich and meaningful interpersonal experience I wouldn't have any friends or family at all. I spend time with people "face-to-face" when I can, but that time has never, to my Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-59931273330926649782020-03-08T22:45:00.001-07:002020-03-08T22:45:02.834-07:00Transformation of Indians Duri essaysTransformation of Indians Duri essays The Indian population in the early 1800s were subjects of the ruling elite. At this point, the ruling elite consisted of Spaniards, which considered the Indians to be barbaric and did not consider them to be humans. In 1810, the Gente de razon category was established to identify people who were White, racially mixed people and those Indians who had been detribalized. This was the preparation for the revolution of 1821; an independence from Spanish rule. Mexico began its preparations by changing these racial labels. The great plan of this time period was to acculturate the Indians to help in the colonization of the new independent Mexico. The Indians transformation in their political, social and cultural view attributed to their legal status and land ownership rights during the Mexican period of 1821 to 1848. I believe that the Indians had been use to changes such as the change during the Spanish rule to the change under the Mexican republic and continuing with the changes und er the United States. It is the intent of this essay to examine the integration of the Indians into the new independent Mexico. The Indians change begins with the Laws of Burgos in 1512, passed by the Spanish crown to establish the procedures and laws to govern the Indians (Hanke 1949:24; Menchaca 2001:51). Yet again, at the beginning of the Mexican period in 1821, the reaffirmation of the 1812 Law of Cadiz under the Plan de Iguala went into affect, granting Mexican citizenship to all excluding slaves. The Plan de Iguala was a way to attract Indians to join the colonists in maintaining the newly established republic. Under this plan, race could no longer be legally used to prevent Indians, mestizos, and free afromestizos from exercising the citizenship rights enjoyed by Whites (Menchaca 2001:161). The beginning of this period asked many Indians to pledge allegiance to either Spain or Mexico. The Indians were able to combine their pol... Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-77438796323989025032020-02-21T13:12:00.001-08:002020-02-21T13:12:02.280-08:00Network Security Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 wordsNetwork Security - Term Paper Example The rapid growth of networking has also come with its own challenges, mainly in the area of network security. Maiwald defines security as the ââ¬Å"freedom from danger, fear or anxiety: safetyâ⬠(4). He also defines a network as an interlinked system. Therefore, network security can be defined as the safety of interlinked systems. There are to kinds of networks: synchronous network and data networks. Synchronous network systems are made up of switches, which makes them immune to malicious attacks. However, data network systems contain routers that are computer based, making them susceptible to all kinds of malicious attacks. The internet is perhaps the best known and most widely used data network on the globe today. A few years ago, the computer system was seen as a harmless piece of technology and not many people cared really for computer security. To many people at the time, most computer operations and software were illogical, thus the risk of hackers was quite low (Kaufman, Radia and Speciner 43). However, since the mid 1980s, networked computer workstations became common and with this came the issue of information and network security. More and more people are able to read and understand computer algorithms, meaning that the likelihood of a system being hacked into is very easy. Organizations are forced to share networks with distrustful organizations and individuals. The world of network security is quite hostile since a small percentage of the population can cause untold damage to a global network. This is the situation that makes network security such an important matter in todayââ¬â¢s highly networked society. There is need to protect the data and information that companies, institutions and individuals need protected by designing fool-proof network security systems. History of Network Security Widespread interest in network security gained ground in the 1980s when Kevin Mitnick hacked into the systems of several companies and made away with $80 million. This was the biggest computer-related crime by a single person in the history of the United States. The birth of the internet also marked the beginning of the interest in network security. In 1969, internet was developed after the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANet) was given the mandate to carry out research in networking. ARPANet was an instant success and before long, email applications had become quite popular (Pardoe and Snyder 223). Th InterNetworking Working Group (IWG) was given the responsibility of governing ARPANet by setting the standards for use. On the 1980s, TCP/IP, which is a common langu age shared by all computers connected to the internet, was developed. Thus internet was officially born. The mid 1980s saw a boom in the number of personal and commercial computers which led to many companies joining the internet bandwagon. In the early 1990s it was the urn of the public to get access to the internet, and this marked the birth of the World Wide Web (WWW) era. Today the internet is widespread all across the world and many people carry out their daily activities online (Maiwald 60). The actual history of internet security began in 1918 when an enigma machine that could convert plain text to encrypted messages was developed in Poland. 22 years later, Alan Turing broke the enigma code. The word hacker was first coined by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The Telnet Protocol developed in the 1970s and this led to data networks being accessed by the public. The 1980s saw the rise of hackers and computer-related crimes. The Computer fraud and Abu se Act was enacted in 1986 to minimize cases of information stealing from military and federal offices (Kaufman, Radia and Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-41743464475500915562020-02-05T08:56:00.001-08:002020-02-05T08:56:03.529-08:00Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethics-Case Study EssayCorporate Social Responsibility and Ethics-Case Study - Essay Example This has brought forth the term Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) implying the moral and social welfare promoting aspects that a modern day corporate must posses besides its financial or profit making goals. In a single sentence Corporate Social Responsibility is the culmination of the duties towards the stakeholders that encompasses promotion of social welfare, moral development and sustainable environmental safety. Brief analysis of Bhopal Gas Disaster: The majority of the Indian population lies under the poverty line and are technologically backward. 26 years earlier when the disaster took place the situation was even worse. Furthermore the concerned state Madhya Pradesh was regarded as one of the least developed states of India where the labourers were equipped with little technical expertise. This background does not confer the mentioned state as an ideal place to establish a plant that would eventually be handling a substance as toxic as Methyl Isocyanides. The concerned co mpany Union Carbide ignored these technical issues and made a grave mistake in terms of the strategic management and planning. However, the mistakes made that way become the outcome of greedy business steps when the availability of cheap labours that were hired in the process is taken into account. Ignoring technological impediments regarding the poor standards of the knowledge base of the labourers along with the ignorance of environmental standard those were needed to set a plant of such a complex technology at that place in search of financial gain is the brief but ultimate verdict of the Bhopal disaster. Ans 1 An issue dependent and logical reasoning of blaming Mr. Warren Anderson Once the dreadful early December (December 2 and 3) of 1984 was passed claiming thousands of lives, the famous or infamous chairman of Union Carbide Mr. Warren Anderson was immediately taken into custody in charge of sheer negligence of corporate responsibility. Ironically the person who was responsibl e for thousands of death soon got a personal bail of only USD3000 and came out of custody. Anderson then carried out some sort of investigation that came out with dubious results. On one instance Anderson blamed the entire management team of the company for their negligence that brought the catastrophe and on another instance he gave a much narrowed version while blaming the local plant operation manager alone. (Camino, 1989, p 3; Peterson, 1985, pp. 196-197) Whatever doubtful is the explanation of Mr. Anderson; owing to a political-corporate nexus that is like any other country is operative in India as well; Mr. Anderson was protected and managed to get back to his country USA. Questions had been raised against the then Prime Minister of India Mr. Rajiv Gandhi for protecting and eventually helping him to get back to his country. 26 years later of that event, Mr. Arjun Singh the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh though turned down all these allegations against the late Prime Minister Mr. Rajiv Gandhi; yet pleaded against the heinous acts of Anderson and raised his voice for the immediate arrest of him. Mr. Singh requested the present Prime Minister Mr. Manmohan Singh to initiate a talk with the USA President Mr. Barrack Obama regarding the extradition of Anderson to India where he can be prosecuted for killing of thousands of Indians in front of an Indian court. (Arjun Singh breaks silence on Bhopal gas tragedy, Aug 11, 2010) Owing to the growing agitation regarding Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-71897921167912812802020-01-28T05:20:00.001-08:002020-01-28T05:20:04.457-08:00Analysis of E-Commerce and Supply Chain for Silver SpoonAnalysis of E-Commerce and Supply Chain for Silver Spoon Silver Spoon Snacks is a fast food eatery established first in Gulshan in the year 1965. It has expanded to a second branch in Tariq road. During its heyday it revolutionized the fast food industry by introducing the concept of à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"rolls on the menu. It enjoyed this untapped market till competitors jumped on the band wagon. The menu is diverse, including Pakistani, Chinese, Continental, Western and Indian items. There is plenty of consumer traffic in both branches especially during the evening. The Tariq Road branch serves all kinds of BBQ items, club sandwich, zinger burger and the well known rolls. The restaurant is owned and operated by a family. The branch managers are actually brothers and share shifts during the day and night. There are a total of 4 active brothers that are responsible for handling the day to day running and operations of the system. Key purchase decisions, menu expansion and supply chain decisions are handled solely by them. They have been following a paper based system since its inception. All the accounting work and record keeping is done manually in registers that are stocked at the residence every month. Literature Review According to Laudon and Laudon (Information Systems and Decision making, 2000), the supply chain is a collection of physical entities linked together into processes that supply goods or services from source through consumption. The supply chain consists of suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, retail outlets, logistics and consumers. This list also includes those activities that are necessary in facilitating the supply chain. Managing a supply chain is a difficult task that requires keen insight and understanding of the business processes and the environment in which it operates. The struggle is to create a network which has no weak links in terms of time delays, information gaps or inefficiencies in other words, all processes must be integrated. This is best achieved by the creation of networks with a smooth inflow and outflow of relevant information. This is the heart of e-commerce. The internet has allowed the growth of e-businesses across borders and physical limits. The use of an intranet is greatly appreciated within a company. Based on internet technology, the intranet is used primarily within a single company which allows the internal users to expand and share information across floors and walls. These locations may be domestic or may even be throughout the world (Bartoo, Elliot, and Naik-lyer, 2000). E Commerce is one of the most important facets of the internet to have developed in this day and age. Ecommerce, sometimes referred to as E Business, involves carrying out business over the Internet with the use of computers that are linked to each other forming a network. E-commerce includes the buying, selling, marketing, and servicing of goods or services through telecommunication technologies. E-Business, on the other hand, carries a broader definition, not just the buying and selling of goods and services, but servicing customers, collaborating with business partners, and conducting communications and transactions within and outside an organization. (Electronic Commerce a managerial perspective by Efrahim Turban, David King, Prentice Hall; US Ed edition October, 1999) According to ComScore a marketing research company that provides marketing data and services to many of the Internets largest businesses, E-commerce has had its first $1B day on 2nd December 2010. The heaviest online spending day in history and the first to surpass the billion-dollar threshold, declares ComScore. This goes to show how far and wide the scope of electronic buying and selling has reached. It is revolutionized the way business models are created and defined numerous opportunities for entrepreneurs and the like. E- Commerce can help a supply chain over the internet in areas such as placing and receiving orders, providing product information, tracking orders, filling and managing inventory, and recording inflows and outflows (Sunil Chopra and Jan A, Van Mieghem, Supply Chain Management Review, April 200) A critical area where e-commerce has established its presence in a supply chain is in the resource planning and inventory management function of an organization. It helps users track the inventory and where it is distributed from the organization. It helps plan for future forecasts and deal with shortages. It creates a hub where information is shared among relevant members of a business model; this is known as EDI Electronic Data Interchange. Similarly ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems have emerged that serve similar functions in terms of smooth data flow between members of an organization. Relevant information relating to key business functions is then shared, matched and cross matched between departments and related companies that have partnered with the business. The goal is to streamline operations and produce a cost and time efficient process altogether. IBM and Siemens are 2 prime examples of organizations that heavily rely on supply chain applications produced by business management software such as SAP. This application has streamlined its processes thereby creating a real-time and efficient business model. Inventory management models are heavily used in large scale organizations in the fast food industry. Giant franchises such as Subway, KFC and Pizza Hut use business intelligence software for its operations. Zap is a leading software house that creates web based packages for KFC and Pizza Hut. As a starting point, a basic open source inventory management software coupled with internet technologies is an ideal way for a small to mid-sized business to start. The diagram below shows how e-commerce can efficiently distribute and coordinate the flow of information between the entities and business functions of the supply chain. The importance of information sharing and interchange is crucial to improve operational effectiveness. Research methodology Secondary research Secondary research consisted of going through research articles and existing information on e-commerce and supply chain models. Text books, class lectures and the internet served as sources for secondary research. This type of research was necessary to gain an understanding of existing supply chain models that are benefitting with the integration of e-ecommerce and its technologies. Primary research This is first hand research that needed to be conducted to gain an understanding of Silver Spoon Snacks This form of research was conducted over 2 face to face interviews and short telephone calls with the Branch Manager and Operations Manager A set of questions were asked to understand the existing supply chain model and how operations are carried out on a daily and weekly basis These questions also attempted to surface any inefficiencies and weaknesses that exist in the current setup Interviews were necessary to collect direct and relevant information from the involved people Data Analysis Input details pertaining to the Tariq Road branch Raw material listing Chicken Beef Mutton Flour Vegetables Ketchup/mustard Seasonings Equipment used Oven Fryer Coal Freezers Stove Tables and chairs Utilities used Electricity Gas Telephone Water Labour employed Head Chef Kitchen staff Head Waiter Waiters Cleaners Watchman For simplicity, the supply chain of chicken as a key and widely used ingredient will be studied throughout this report. Supply Chain system of Silver Spoon Snacks explained with the help of a flow chart. Supply Chain Defined Chicken Butcher Thursday morning or earlier depending on needs, the Chicken supplier receives an order of Boneless Chicken and Tikka pieces for the week. This order is placed via telephone by the branch manager. The quantity for chicken in Tikka and Boneless variation is verbally specified via telephone. The supplier confirms the order and a delivery time is specified. The butcher cuts the chicken according to pieces specified either Tikka pieces or Boneless for Chicken rolls. Delivery vehicle As per initial agreement between Silver Spoon and the supplier, the chicken supply will be delivered to the warehouse in the suppliers vehicle. This is part of the negotiation. The supplier will have the chicken delivered to the warehouse and settle the payment at the end of the month. Warehouse The warehouse is owned and operated by Silver Spoon owners. It has been part of the business model since 40 years and is situated off Tariq road near the Tariq road branch. The warehouse serves as a sorting point most of the raw materials. Individual branch demand is catered to and planned here. The warehouse has a large kitchen and a storage bay. Warehouse kitchen The warehouse kitchen department is responsible for all the cleaning and preparation of the raw food. This entails cleaning the chicken, removing the fat and making it hygienic and fit for cooking. Staff is employed in this department to manage the cleaning. Warehouse storage After the chicken has been cleaned, it goes into cold storage. The amount which has to be distributed to the branches on a daily basis is dispatched and the rest goes into freezers. The amount is determined in advance by branch managers. Keep in mind that a weeks supply is available for both branches at the warehouse. Official vehicle A Suzuki Pickup is on standby at the warehouse and the workers load a days worth of chicken and transport it to the both branches. 60% of the chicken goes to the Tariq Road Branch as its chicken utilization is the highest. Tariq road branch At the Tariq Road branch, the official vehicle arrives shortly with the chicken for the day. This chicken thawed, cleaned and semi marinated at the individual branches before it is ready to be finally added with the secret spices and recipes. It is immediately transported by the workers to the freezer. Kitchen + freezer As noon approaches a portion of the boneless chicken is removed from the freezer and brought to the preparation room. Here the chicken is added with seasoning, sauce and the secret spices which are made early during the day. This preparation is done by the head chef. The boneless chicken goes to the Roll preparation area and the Tikka pieces go to the BBQ area where they are cooked. Customer Once cooked, the Rolls and Tikkas are served to customers Planning system For the sake of simplicity we will go through a typical week of ordering chicken to get a grasp of the current supply system at the Tariq Road branch. This boneless chicken is used for Chicken Rolls and Chicken Boti. Whereas full chickens are used to create 4 Tikka pieces per chicken. Demand for the week is established by looking at previous trends. Basically a base demand for consumption has been established for boneless chicken of 210 kg per week. The base demand of 210kg worth of boneless chicken is always used for Rolls and Chicken Boti. On an average, 220-250kgs of boneless chicken is purchased as demand from consumers never dips below 210kg per week. For Tikkas, the base demand is 80 Tikkas per day, which makes it 560 Tikkas on an average per week. A full chicken is able to provide 4 Tikka pieces. The key considerations that determine and influence demand for chicken are: Stage of the week Friday, Saturday and Sunday are days where demand for boneless chicken is at its highest. During these days the public goes out to eat with family. Public holidays the restaurant operates during public holidays. During these days of the calendar, families choose to visit eateries and therefore the consumption of boneless chicken is high. City turmoil during expected city turmoil and expected strikes, the public operates at an accelerated pace and attempts to get things out of the way. This may entail visiting Tariq Road for work 1-2 days before the expected turmoil or unrest. Furthermore, consumption of boneless chicken falls during the days of turmoil, hence purchasing is planned accordingly. Level of commercial activity Tariq Road is heavily populated with shops and vendors. If the activity in malls and shopping strips is high, then demand for food, especially Chicken Rolls is also high as it serves the fast food concept and is economical. The factors above have the capacity to influence demand for chicken and hence the purchasing patterns vary. Chicken that is not used is then stored in freezers for next days use. This chicken is bought on Thursdays of the week from a vendor that has been partnered with the business. An order is placed via telephone on Thursday morning by the Branch Manager and it arrives by noon. If for some reason demand is abnormally high, the regular chicken supplier is contacted and is urged to make an emergency drop to the warehouse. If he is unable to do so from his own inventory, then he is responsible for making other arrangements. Supplier selection A chicken supplier is selected on the basis of: Total cost Cleaning and cutting Cost is the most important factor that ultimately determines which supplier/butcher to choose from. Silver Spoon negotiates on the basis of the foremost is cost (low or discounted price), quality, and delivery service. Secondly, it is favourable if the supplier can clean and cut the chicken into pieces at his outlet before delivering it to the Silver Spoon warehouse. Although Silver Spoon has a chicken slaughtering and cleaning/cutting facility, but is used for only further cleaning of the chicken and cutting for marinating purposes. Financial costs pertaining to Tariq Road Branch Cost for chicken: this rate is Rs. 4 per kilo less than the prevailing marketing rate. The chicken suppliers set the price every Thursday of the week. Price of chicken per kilo varies on a weekly basis and is determined by the laws of demand and supply. For example, if chicken is in excess supply then the price falls. Conversely if there is high demand then the price rises such as on weekends. Due to this the chicken suppliers set their prices on Thursday. The Tariq Road branch bears 60% of the total cost of the chicken whereas the Gulshan branch, only 40%. Consumption and sale of chicken items is the highest at the Tariq Road branch. The basis for making profits for Tikkas is to earn Rs. 20-25 profit per Tikka. Utilities Electricity Bill: varies between Rs. 50,000 to 60,000 per month. Gas Bill: varies between Rs. 10,000 to 12,000 per month Telephone Bill: Rs. 1,000 per month on an average Coal Usage: worth Rs. 1,500 on a daily basis. Ãâà Labour Employed Waiter: The starting salary per waiter is Rs. 6000 per month. Senior waiters (determined by length of employment) are paid Rs. 8000 per month. There are a total of 8 senior waiters (8 x 8000 = Rs. 64,000 per month) and 6 junior waiters (6 x 6000 = Rs. 36,000 per month). Kitchen Staff: these employees include assistants to the chef (3 assistants), and additional workers who produce other items on the menu (5 kitchen workers). They are assigned various tasks in the kitchen to add value to the system. On an average, the total labour costs assigned to the kitchen staff are Rs. 75,000 Head chef: There is 1 head Chef who is paid Rs. 12,000 per month. Total labour costs per month = Rs 64,000 + Rs 36,000 + Rs. 65,000 + 12,000 = Rs 187,000 Discussion Inefficiencies or weaknesses in the supply chain Supplier/butcher: Silver Spoon has had the same supplier for chicken for nearly 20 years. They should search the market for other suppliers that can offer competitive rates for bulk purchases of chicken. The order is placed on the phone and a Silver Spoon official does not personally monitor the chicken selection, which means an old chicken or unhealthy chicken can be part of the mix Warehouse: At the warehouse, the supplier delivery vehicle drops off the chicken and drives away after collecting the payment. There is no check here, no one counts the chicken or weighs it upon arrival so there is no way of making sure if they received the amount they paid for. There is no record system or inventory management. The chicken is not à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"logged in, just immediately shifted to the kitchen where it is cleaned for use. Therefore there is no actual account or record for the amount of chicken that entered the facility nor is there any receiving slip or receipt. Warehouse Storage: Once the chicken is cleaned and processed fit for use, it goes into storage freezers and only the days worth is kept outside for delivery. However, there is no one who counts the number of chicken breasts or legs, or kilograms of chicken that goes into the freezer. So there is no check or monitor system. Silver Spoon Snacks Vehicle The days worth of chicken is transported to the Tariq Road Branch, but there is no formal record of the amount that leaves the warehouse, nor is there any receiving document from the branches end. Branch Again, there is no counter checking or counting system of the chicken that arrives in the branch. It is blindly kept in the freezer. Customer The customer does not receive an electronic receipt. Which means that there is no formal record at Silver Spoons counter of the items sold and the cash received. There is an informal scribble in a worn out register. Other deficiencies with the current setup Marketing: There are limited marketing efforts carried out by the restaurant. At most, marketing involves re-doing the company banner or releasing a dozen flyers in the area. No website exists. Recording: It is a complete paper based system with not a computer or digital device in sight. Records are loosely maintained at the warehouse and branch in registers and journals. There is no formal record keeping system. Customers are not given receipts therefore there is no cross checking. Tracking: there is no way for Silver Spoon Snacks to forecast demand judging by trends, as figures and statistics for trends do not exist. Paper based: it is a paper based system with information regarding transactions loosely recorded in registers. Checks and balances: checks and balances do not exist, there is no tangible record keeping when it comes to inventory and purchases. It is not possible to confirm orders with suppliers and inter branch as orders are verbally given. There is no proof. Proposed system The proposed system involves the purchase of computer hardware and the use of an internet connection. The idea is to create a basic centralized system at the warehouse as the server with 2 additional linked systems at the branches. The purpose is to track and record inventory that moves into the warehouse and out to the branches. A real time system is proposed where inventory levels are monitored by the hour. The systems will need to be linked by an internet connection to provide a real time feed of information between the branches and warehouse. With an inventory management and tracking software, the loopholes and loose-ends in the current system will be neutralized. How it works Once the systems have been installed and made operational, the current stock, inventory and work in progress are uploaded to the servers. The software will be used be the warehouse, and both the branches. Each user will update the records from their end so it can be seen at the warehouse server. The software will have section for the warehouse, branch A and branch B. Depending on the fresh demand levels, the warehouse determines the quantity of chicken needed and sends an order via telephone to the butcher. Had the butcher/supplier been using a computer system (example Makro), then an email would have been dispatched instead. The quantity ordered is punched into the system and falls under the status of pending. The rate per kilo is noted. Order time is also noted. Once the stock of chicken arrives at the warehouse, its exact quantity is manually counted and weighed by an employee and then the numbers are punched into the warehouse server. This will cross check the amount ordered with the amount received. Once the figures tally, a receiving slip is generated electronically and printed after the order has been confirmed and accounted for. A slip is generated and given to the supplier and a formal record now exists in the system. A notification is sent in a matter of seconds to both branches informing them of the added inventory levels. The levels now appear on the screens of both branch A and B (Tariq road and Gulshan). Preparations are made. Depending on the opening inventory and the base level demand of 210kg of chicken and 80 Tikka pieces, each branch sends its required amount of chicken (bonless and Tikka pieces) through the softwares built in messaging system. Each transaction and order is then recorded. After the warehouse server acknowledges receipt of the order from the branch, it then forwards it verbally to the warehouse freezer where the employee loads the Silver Spoon vehicle (Suzuki pickup). The vehicle then travels to the relevant branch. A printed slip is dispatched. From the warehouse, the inventory levels are then reduced and this is also reflected in each branches terminal. Once the vehicle is unloaded at the branch, a branch employee manually supervises the unloading and stocking of the chicken in the freezer. Once confirmed and signed, the branch manager then updates his terminal with the added inventory of chicken. Back at the warehouse, the reduction in inventory is equal to the gain in inventory at both branches. As the day goes by and the orders accumulate and dispatch, the inventory levels are monitored not only at the branch, but at the warehouse as well. Each chicken Tikka order placed or each chicken roll uses a certain portion of the inventory. And once the orders are fed and updated in the Silver Spoon register, the chicken based inventory is automatically deducted. Towards the end of the day, the ending inventory is tallied and counted. The warehouse manager reads these inventories on an hourly basis and incase of a shortage dispatches a vehicle to make up for the shortfall. The cycle is then repeated every day depending on the closing inventory levels. Notes on the proposed system The recommended software for Silver Spoon Snacks is inFlow Inventory management software (http://www.inflowinventory.com/). The software is easy to use and does not require extensive training. A simple understanding of images, inputting data and confirming orders is all it takes. Free software exists, but does not provide security, reliability and expansion as inFlows suite. Each terminal is given a unique pin code which only the operator is aware of. This means only the relevant person in charge can use the terminal which is a security check as well as a confirmation. Each transaction is logged and stored in a log file sent to the warehouse computer. Backups are made on a daily basis Financial Costs involved with this system Software: although many free software packages exist, inFlow Inventory Management provides the best balance between features and cost. To create a multi user network (ideal in this case), the license cost $299 per computer for lifetime use. 3 licenses will be needed. $299 x 3 = $897 = ~ Rs. 75000 (@ Rs. 84 per U.S Dollar) Hardware needed: processor, motherboard, RAM, hard drive, casing, power supply, monitor. Based on the software requirements, the hardware cost is as follows: Tariq Road Branch cost: Rs 23,000 Gulshan Branch cost : Rs 23,000 Warehouse cost: Rs. 27,000 Total : Rs. 73,000 Internet connection: 3 connections Initial setup cost : Rs. 800 x 3 Monthly cost: Rs. 1000 x 3 Total initial investment: Rs. 75,000 (3 licenses) + (73,000 (hardware) + 2,400 (internet setup) + 3000 (first month internet payment) = Rs. 153,400 Benefits of the proposed system Accountability: first and foremost, the new system will hold each branch accountable for what it has received in its inventory. Once its handed over the inventory, it is held accountable for its storage, sales and payment. The sales of the branch should match the inventory received. Inventory control: from the moment the chicken supply reaches the warehouse, it will be tracked and accounted for. The system will make sure that there is adequate supply at all branches at all times so as to not lose out on potential sales Economic order quantity: the ideal quantity of chicken to order each week and the ideal quantity to store in the freezers can be calculated based on demand and supply conditions. Inventory planning is thereby improved. Accuracy: with figures, statistics and numbers well accounted for and cross references, the books of Silver Spoon will present and accurate picture of state of affairs. A reduction in human error in terms of calculations, counting and so on will also be witnessed. Record keeping: instead of scribbling in registers and writing journals, an electronic system with constant updates is hence created with the use of e-commerce technologies. Past transactions, exchanges, buying and selling are stored electronically thereby staying safe. The option to print out the records exists, thereby creating tangible records. Electronic Data Interchange: Information sharing between branches and the warehouse will be more convenient as real time updates and inventory levels can be monitored. Offers and promotional schemes by suppliers can also be entertained. Expansion: This inventory monitoring and management system is not just limited to chicken; it can be used for the entire product line, mutton, beef, vegetables, cold drinks, seasoning, flour and so on. The scope is limitless with unlimited suppliers and customers. Improved Customer Service and loyalty: when a customer always gets his or her desired order in desired quantity, it creates customer satisfaction and creates repeat customers. It improves loyalty as well. A computerized receipt also creates a positive impression on the customers. Reduce stock-outs and overstocks: with supply synchronized with demand, the chances of ending up with à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"expired inventory or facing shortages are greatly reduced. Shortages are prevented as inventory as planned well in advance, and in the same way excess inventory is also reducing thereby curbing inventory carrying costs. Ready alerts: if the inventory dips below a certain level at a branch, an automatically generated alert is sent to the warehouse or Gulshan branch and inventory can be moved around. Furthermore this will act as an early warning sign to the warehouse to acquire more inventory. Meeting demand: demand is almost always met unless outside forces have some play. With inventory always available due to a tracking and trend analysis system, sales will always be met. Forecasting: due to its ability to track charts and record daily transactions, the stored information can be used to conduct trend analysis for certain times of the calendar year. This will allow better planning for inventory and sales. Website: Silver Spoon Snacks Pvt. Ltd. can go on-line and have a web presence. This on its own is a marketing tool Networking: since Silver Spoon is now on-line and has a presence on the world wide web, it will be able to reach out to suppliers and customers on a larger scale. It is a ready marketing tool. It can partner with other restaurants, sponsors, FMCGs and causes. Marketing: with the use of e-commerce technologies, Silver Spoon Snacks can expand its marketing operations by sending out e-mails and creating ad banners and partnering with other websites. Costs of proposed system Change: it is possible that managers and top management may resist the change/transition from a paper based system to a technical system. The current system, though not ideal sets comfortably with current management. A management paradigm shift is required. Training: the system users will require some short initial training to understand the use of the software and technology in general. Although the Operations Manager Mr. Talha Awan is well versed with computer software and hardware, there will still be a slight lag due to training. Initial investment: although a small amount, roughly Rs. 150,000 will need to be diverted for a project that has no immediate monetary returns. Software support: although a helpline for customer support exists, it can become cumbersome to ask for guidance incase of software failure or confusion. Hardware failure: at the mercy of KESC and the elements, the computer hardware may fail thereby causing confusion and a stop in information flow. Although an uninterrupted power supply may be purchased, as well as a warranty plan, it will only add up in costs and delays. Internet failure: from time to time, the internet service provider may fail to provide a 100% uptime. This can cause delays and lags in the system. Industry Standard Bar B Q Tonight Inventory Management System To further add value to this report, I studied Bar B Q Tonights current inventory management setup which is computerized. Information was gathered through telephonic interviews and e-mail exchange with the Operations Managers, Sardar Ishaq and Mr. Abur Rehman. The findings are compiled below. Bar B Q Tonight is one of Karachis most famous restaurants that came into being in 1988. It prepares all kinds of cuisine that caters to thousands of customers on a daily basis. In-fact the multi storeyed establishment can house upto a thousand customers at a time. The restaurant has enjoyed high growth levels consistent with every year. Recently a branch has been erected in Lahore. Chicken, Beef, Fish, vegetables, pastas, fruit, ice cream, mushrooms, sausages, cheese, beverages and tissue rolls are just a small list of the inventory that are in storage and continuous use at the restaurant. These are key inputs needed to give customers a full service and experience backed by quality that the restaurant promises. To ensure proper delivery of storage, roughly 500 employees and 2 dozen management level officers are part of the work force. The availability of sufficient inventory and especially at the right time is perhaps the single most crucial factor at the restaurant. Insufficient inventory levels can result in a loss of potential sales. Furthermore due to the sheer quantity of inventory that enters and exits the building, checks and balances, control and proper monitoring of stock are required. This serves a number of functions such as quality control, waste management and theft protection. The current supply chain is as follows: SUPPLIER à ¯Ãâà DRY/COLD STORAGE à ¯Ãâà CUTTING/PROCESSING à ¯Ãâà RELEVANT FOOD DEPARTMENT à ¯Ãâà CUSTOMER The suppliers supply meat, chicken, tinned items, cold drinks, eggs, vegetables and basically all the inputs needed. Once the orders are received, they go into processing/cleaning/cutting/batching dependin Analysis of E-Commerce and Supply Chain for Silver Spoon Analysis of E-Commerce and Supply Chain for Silver Spoon Silver Spoon Snacks is a fast food eatery established first in Gulshan in the year 1965. It has expanded to a second branch in Tariq road. During its heyday it revolutionized the fast food industry by introducing the concept of à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"rolls on the menu. It enjoyed this untapped market till competitors jumped on the band wagon. The menu is diverse, including Pakistani, Chinese, Continental, Western and Indian items. There is plenty of consumer traffic in both branches especially during the evening. The Tariq Road branch serves all kinds of BBQ items, club sandwich, zinger burger and the well known rolls. The restaurant is owned and operated by a family. The branch managers are actually brothers and share shifts during the day and night. There are a total of 4 active brothers that are responsible for handling the day to day running and operations of the system. Key purchase decisions, menu expansion and supply chain decisions are handled solely by them. They have been following a paper based system since its inception. All the accounting work and record keeping is done manually in registers that are stocked at the residence every month. Literature Review According to Laudon and Laudon (Information Systems and Decision making, 2000), the supply chain is a collection of physical entities linked together into processes that supply goods or services from source through consumption. The supply chain consists of suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, retail outlets, logistics and consumers. This list also includes those activities that are necessary in facilitating the supply chain. Managing a supply chain is a difficult task that requires keen insight and understanding of the business processes and the environment in which it operates. The struggle is to create a network which has no weak links in terms of time delays, information gaps or inefficiencies in other words, all processes must be integrated. This is best achieved by the creation of networks with a smooth inflow and outflow of relevant information. This is the heart of e-commerce. The internet has allowed the growth of e-businesses across borders and physical limits. The use of an intranet is greatly appreciated within a company. Based on internet technology, the intranet is used primarily within a single company which allows the internal users to expand and share information across floors and walls. These locations may be domestic or may even be throughout the world (Bartoo, Elliot, and Naik-lyer, 2000). E Commerce is one of the most important facets of the internet to have developed in this day and age. Ecommerce, sometimes referred to as E Business, involves carrying out business over the Internet with the use of computers that are linked to each other forming a network. E-commerce includes the buying, selling, marketing, and servicing of goods or services through telecommunication technologies. E-Business, on the other hand, carries a broader definition, not just the buying and selling of goods and services, but servicing customers, collaborating with business partners, and conducting communications and transactions within and outside an organization. (Electronic Commerce a managerial perspective by Efrahim Turban, David King, Prentice Hall; US Ed edition October, 1999) According to ComScore a marketing research company that provides marketing data and services to many of the Internets largest businesses, E-commerce has had its first $1B day on 2nd December 2010. The heaviest online spending day in history and the first to surpass the billion-dollar threshold, declares ComScore. This goes to show how far and wide the scope of electronic buying and selling has reached. It is revolutionized the way business models are created and defined numerous opportunities for entrepreneurs and the like. E- Commerce can help a supply chain over the internet in areas such as placing and receiving orders, providing product information, tracking orders, filling and managing inventory, and recording inflows and outflows (Sunil Chopra and Jan A, Van Mieghem, Supply Chain Management Review, April 200) A critical area where e-commerce has established its presence in a supply chain is in the resource planning and inventory management function of an organization. It helps users track the inventory and where it is distributed from the organization. It helps plan for future forecasts and deal with shortages. It creates a hub where information is shared among relevant members of a business model; this is known as EDI Electronic Data Interchange. Similarly ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems have emerged that serve similar functions in terms of smooth data flow between members of an organization. Relevant information relating to key business functions is then shared, matched and cross matched between departments and related companies that have partnered with the business. The goal is to streamline operations and produce a cost and time efficient process altogether. IBM and Siemens are 2 prime examples of organizations that heavily rely on supply chain applications produced by business management software such as SAP. This application has streamlined its processes thereby creating a real-time and efficient business model. Inventory management models are heavily used in large scale organizations in the fast food industry. Giant franchises such as Subway, KFC and Pizza Hut use business intelligence software for its operations. Zap is a leading software house that creates web based packages for KFC and Pizza Hut. As a starting point, a basic open source inventory management software coupled with internet technologies is an ideal way for a small to mid-sized business to start. The diagram below shows how e-commerce can efficiently distribute and coordinate the flow of information between the entities and business functions of the supply chain. The importance of information sharing and interchange is crucial to improve operational effectiveness. Research methodology Secondary research Secondary research consisted of going through research articles and existing information on e-commerce and supply chain models. Text books, class lectures and the internet served as sources for secondary research. This type of research was necessary to gain an understanding of existing supply chain models that are benefitting with the integration of e-ecommerce and its technologies. Primary research This is first hand research that needed to be conducted to gain an understanding of Silver Spoon Snacks This form of research was conducted over 2 face to face interviews and short telephone calls with the Branch Manager and Operations Manager A set of questions were asked to understand the existing supply chain model and how operations are carried out on a daily and weekly basis These questions also attempted to surface any inefficiencies and weaknesses that exist in the current setup Interviews were necessary to collect direct and relevant information from the involved people Data Analysis Input details pertaining to the Tariq Road branch Raw material listing Chicken Beef Mutton Flour Vegetables Ketchup/mustard Seasonings Equipment used Oven Fryer Coal Freezers Stove Tables and chairs Utilities used Electricity Gas Telephone Water Labour employed Head Chef Kitchen staff Head Waiter Waiters Cleaners Watchman For simplicity, the supply chain of chicken as a key and widely used ingredient will be studied throughout this report. Supply Chain system of Silver Spoon Snacks explained with the help of a flow chart. Supply Chain Defined Chicken Butcher Thursday morning or earlier depending on needs, the Chicken supplier receives an order of Boneless Chicken and Tikka pieces for the week. This order is placed via telephone by the branch manager. The quantity for chicken in Tikka and Boneless variation is verbally specified via telephone. The supplier confirms the order and a delivery time is specified. The butcher cuts the chicken according to pieces specified either Tikka pieces or Boneless for Chicken rolls. Delivery vehicle As per initial agreement between Silver Spoon and the supplier, the chicken supply will be delivered to the warehouse in the suppliers vehicle. This is part of the negotiation. The supplier will have the chicken delivered to the warehouse and settle the payment at the end of the month. Warehouse The warehouse is owned and operated by Silver Spoon owners. It has been part of the business model since 40 years and is situated off Tariq road near the Tariq road branch. The warehouse serves as a sorting point most of the raw materials. Individual branch demand is catered to and planned here. The warehouse has a large kitchen and a storage bay. Warehouse kitchen The warehouse kitchen department is responsible for all the cleaning and preparation of the raw food. This entails cleaning the chicken, removing the fat and making it hygienic and fit for cooking. Staff is employed in this department to manage the cleaning. Warehouse storage After the chicken has been cleaned, it goes into cold storage. The amount which has to be distributed to the branches on a daily basis is dispatched and the rest goes into freezers. The amount is determined in advance by branch managers. Keep in mind that a weeks supply is available for both branches at the warehouse. Official vehicle A Suzuki Pickup is on standby at the warehouse and the workers load a days worth of chicken and transport it to the both branches. 60% of the chicken goes to the Tariq Road Branch as its chicken utilization is the highest. Tariq road branch At the Tariq Road branch, the official vehicle arrives shortly with the chicken for the day. This chicken thawed, cleaned and semi marinated at the individual branches before it is ready to be finally added with the secret spices and recipes. It is immediately transported by the workers to the freezer. Kitchen + freezer As noon approaches a portion of the boneless chicken is removed from the freezer and brought to the preparation room. Here the chicken is added with seasoning, sauce and the secret spices which are made early during the day. This preparation is done by the head chef. The boneless chicken goes to the Roll preparation area and the Tikka pieces go to the BBQ area where they are cooked. Customer Once cooked, the Rolls and Tikkas are served to customers Planning system For the sake of simplicity we will go through a typical week of ordering chicken to get a grasp of the current supply system at the Tariq Road branch. This boneless chicken is used for Chicken Rolls and Chicken Boti. Whereas full chickens are used to create 4 Tikka pieces per chicken. Demand for the week is established by looking at previous trends. Basically a base demand for consumption has been established for boneless chicken of 210 kg per week. The base demand of 210kg worth of boneless chicken is always used for Rolls and Chicken Boti. On an average, 220-250kgs of boneless chicken is purchased as demand from consumers never dips below 210kg per week. For Tikkas, the base demand is 80 Tikkas per day, which makes it 560 Tikkas on an average per week. A full chicken is able to provide 4 Tikka pieces. The key considerations that determine and influence demand for chicken are: Stage of the week Friday, Saturday and Sunday are days where demand for boneless chicken is at its highest. During these days the public goes out to eat with family. Public holidays the restaurant operates during public holidays. During these days of the calendar, families choose to visit eateries and therefore the consumption of boneless chicken is high. City turmoil during expected city turmoil and expected strikes, the public operates at an accelerated pace and attempts to get things out of the way. This may entail visiting Tariq Road for work 1-2 days before the expected turmoil or unrest. Furthermore, consumption of boneless chicken falls during the days of turmoil, hence purchasing is planned accordingly. Level of commercial activity Tariq Road is heavily populated with shops and vendors. If the activity in malls and shopping strips is high, then demand for food, especially Chicken Rolls is also high as it serves the fast food concept and is economical. The factors above have the capacity to influence demand for chicken and hence the purchasing patterns vary. Chicken that is not used is then stored in freezers for next days use. This chicken is bought on Thursdays of the week from a vendor that has been partnered with the business. An order is placed via telephone on Thursday morning by the Branch Manager and it arrives by noon. If for some reason demand is abnormally high, the regular chicken supplier is contacted and is urged to make an emergency drop to the warehouse. If he is unable to do so from his own inventory, then he is responsible for making other arrangements. Supplier selection A chicken supplier is selected on the basis of: Total cost Cleaning and cutting Cost is the most important factor that ultimately determines which supplier/butcher to choose from. Silver Spoon negotiates on the basis of the foremost is cost (low or discounted price), quality, and delivery service. Secondly, it is favourable if the supplier can clean and cut the chicken into pieces at his outlet before delivering it to the Silver Spoon warehouse. Although Silver Spoon has a chicken slaughtering and cleaning/cutting facility, but is used for only further cleaning of the chicken and cutting for marinating purposes. Financial costs pertaining to Tariq Road Branch Cost for chicken: this rate is Rs. 4 per kilo less than the prevailing marketing rate. The chicken suppliers set the price every Thursday of the week. Price of chicken per kilo varies on a weekly basis and is determined by the laws of demand and supply. For example, if chicken is in excess supply then the price falls. Conversely if there is high demand then the price rises such as on weekends. Due to this the chicken suppliers set their prices on Thursday. The Tariq Road branch bears 60% of the total cost of the chicken whereas the Gulshan branch, only 40%. Consumption and sale of chicken items is the highest at the Tariq Road branch. The basis for making profits for Tikkas is to earn Rs. 20-25 profit per Tikka. Utilities Electricity Bill: varies between Rs. 50,000 to 60,000 per month. Gas Bill: varies between Rs. 10,000 to 12,000 per month Telephone Bill: Rs. 1,000 per month on an average Coal Usage: worth Rs. 1,500 on a daily basis. Ãâà Labour Employed Waiter: The starting salary per waiter is Rs. 6000 per month. Senior waiters (determined by length of employment) are paid Rs. 8000 per month. There are a total of 8 senior waiters (8 x 8000 = Rs. 64,000 per month) and 6 junior waiters (6 x 6000 = Rs. 36,000 per month). Kitchen Staff: these employees include assistants to the chef (3 assistants), and additional workers who produce other items on the menu (5 kitchen workers). They are assigned various tasks in the kitchen to add value to the system. On an average, the total labour costs assigned to the kitchen staff are Rs. 75,000 Head chef: There is 1 head Chef who is paid Rs. 12,000 per month. Total labour costs per month = Rs 64,000 + Rs 36,000 + Rs. 65,000 + 12,000 = Rs 187,000 Discussion Inefficiencies or weaknesses in the supply chain Supplier/butcher: Silver Spoon has had the same supplier for chicken for nearly 20 years. They should search the market for other suppliers that can offer competitive rates for bulk purchases of chicken. The order is placed on the phone and a Silver Spoon official does not personally monitor the chicken selection, which means an old chicken or unhealthy chicken can be part of the mix Warehouse: At the warehouse, the supplier delivery vehicle drops off the chicken and drives away after collecting the payment. There is no check here, no one counts the chicken or weighs it upon arrival so there is no way of making sure if they received the amount they paid for. There is no record system or inventory management. The chicken is not à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"logged in, just immediately shifted to the kitchen where it is cleaned for use. Therefore there is no actual account or record for the amount of chicken that entered the facility nor is there any receiving slip or receipt. Warehouse Storage: Once the chicken is cleaned and processed fit for use, it goes into storage freezers and only the days worth is kept outside for delivery. However, there is no one who counts the number of chicken breasts or legs, or kilograms of chicken that goes into the freezer. So there is no check or monitor system. Silver Spoon Snacks Vehicle The days worth of chicken is transported to the Tariq Road Branch, but there is no formal record of the amount that leaves the warehouse, nor is there any receiving document from the branches end. Branch Again, there is no counter checking or counting system of the chicken that arrives in the branch. It is blindly kept in the freezer. Customer The customer does not receive an electronic receipt. Which means that there is no formal record at Silver Spoons counter of the items sold and the cash received. There is an informal scribble in a worn out register. Other deficiencies with the current setup Marketing: There are limited marketing efforts carried out by the restaurant. At most, marketing involves re-doing the company banner or releasing a dozen flyers in the area. No website exists. Recording: It is a complete paper based system with not a computer or digital device in sight. Records are loosely maintained at the warehouse and branch in registers and journals. There is no formal record keeping system. Customers are not given receipts therefore there is no cross checking. Tracking: there is no way for Silver Spoon Snacks to forecast demand judging by trends, as figures and statistics for trends do not exist. Paper based: it is a paper based system with information regarding transactions loosely recorded in registers. Checks and balances: checks and balances do not exist, there is no tangible record keeping when it comes to inventory and purchases. It is not possible to confirm orders with suppliers and inter branch as orders are verbally given. There is no proof. Proposed system The proposed system involves the purchase of computer hardware and the use of an internet connection. The idea is to create a basic centralized system at the warehouse as the server with 2 additional linked systems at the branches. The purpose is to track and record inventory that moves into the warehouse and out to the branches. A real time system is proposed where inventory levels are monitored by the hour. The systems will need to be linked by an internet connection to provide a real time feed of information between the branches and warehouse. With an inventory management and tracking software, the loopholes and loose-ends in the current system will be neutralized. How it works Once the systems have been installed and made operational, the current stock, inventory and work in progress are uploaded to the servers. The software will be used be the warehouse, and both the branches. Each user will update the records from their end so it can be seen at the warehouse server. The software will have section for the warehouse, branch A and branch B. Depending on the fresh demand levels, the warehouse determines the quantity of chicken needed and sends an order via telephone to the butcher. Had the butcher/supplier been using a computer system (example Makro), then an email would have been dispatched instead. The quantity ordered is punched into the system and falls under the status of pending. The rate per kilo is noted. Order time is also noted. Once the stock of chicken arrives at the warehouse, its exact quantity is manually counted and weighed by an employee and then the numbers are punched into the warehouse server. This will cross check the amount ordered with the amount received. Once the figures tally, a receiving slip is generated electronically and printed after the order has been confirmed and accounted for. A slip is generated and given to the supplier and a formal record now exists in the system. A notification is sent in a matter of seconds to both branches informing them of the added inventory levels. The levels now appear on the screens of both branch A and B (Tariq road and Gulshan). Preparations are made. Depending on the opening inventory and the base level demand of 210kg of chicken and 80 Tikka pieces, each branch sends its required amount of chicken (bonless and Tikka pieces) through the softwares built in messaging system. Each transaction and order is then recorded. After the warehouse server acknowledges receipt of the order from the branch, it then forwards it verbally to the warehouse freezer where the employee loads the Silver Spoon vehicle (Suzuki pickup). The vehicle then travels to the relevant branch. A printed slip is dispatched. From the warehouse, the inventory levels are then reduced and this is also reflected in each branches terminal. Once the vehicle is unloaded at the branch, a branch employee manually supervises the unloading and stocking of the chicken in the freezer. Once confirmed and signed, the branch manager then updates his terminal with the added inventory of chicken. Back at the warehouse, the reduction in inventory is equal to the gain in inventory at both branches. As the day goes by and the orders accumulate and dispatch, the inventory levels are monitored not only at the branch, but at the warehouse as well. Each chicken Tikka order placed or each chicken roll uses a certain portion of the inventory. And once the orders are fed and updated in the Silver Spoon register, the chicken based inventory is automatically deducted. Towards the end of the day, the ending inventory is tallied and counted. The warehouse manager reads these inventories on an hourly basis and incase of a shortage dispatches a vehicle to make up for the shortfall. The cycle is then repeated every day depending on the closing inventory levels. Notes on the proposed system The recommended software for Silver Spoon Snacks is inFlow Inventory management software (http://www.inflowinventory.com/). The software is easy to use and does not require extensive training. A simple understanding of images, inputting data and confirming orders is all it takes. Free software exists, but does not provide security, reliability and expansion as inFlows suite. Each terminal is given a unique pin code which only the operator is aware of. This means only the relevant person in charge can use the terminal which is a security check as well as a confirmation. Each transaction is logged and stored in a log file sent to the warehouse computer. Backups are made on a daily basis Financial Costs involved with this system Software: although many free software packages exist, inFlow Inventory Management provides the best balance between features and cost. To create a multi user network (ideal in this case), the license cost $299 per computer for lifetime use. 3 licenses will be needed. $299 x 3 = $897 = ~ Rs. 75000 (@ Rs. 84 per U.S Dollar) Hardware needed: processor, motherboard, RAM, hard drive, casing, power supply, monitor. Based on the software requirements, the hardware cost is as follows: Tariq Road Branch cost: Rs 23,000 Gulshan Branch cost : Rs 23,000 Warehouse cost: Rs. 27,000 Total : Rs. 73,000 Internet connection: 3 connections Initial setup cost : Rs. 800 x 3 Monthly cost: Rs. 1000 x 3 Total initial investment: Rs. 75,000 (3 licenses) + (73,000 (hardware) + 2,400 (internet setup) + 3000 (first month internet payment) = Rs. 153,400 Benefits of the proposed system Accountability: first and foremost, the new system will hold each branch accountable for what it has received in its inventory. Once its handed over the inventory, it is held accountable for its storage, sales and payment. The sales of the branch should match the inventory received. Inventory control: from the moment the chicken supply reaches the warehouse, it will be tracked and accounted for. The system will make sure that there is adequate supply at all branches at all times so as to not lose out on potential sales Economic order quantity: the ideal quantity of chicken to order each week and the ideal quantity to store in the freezers can be calculated based on demand and supply conditions. Inventory planning is thereby improved. Accuracy: with figures, statistics and numbers well accounted for and cross references, the books of Silver Spoon will present and accurate picture of state of affairs. A reduction in human error in terms of calculations, counting and so on will also be witnessed. Record keeping: instead of scribbling in registers and writing journals, an electronic system with constant updates is hence created with the use of e-commerce technologies. Past transactions, exchanges, buying and selling are stored electronically thereby staying safe. The option to print out the records exists, thereby creating tangible records. Electronic Data Interchange: Information sharing between branches and the warehouse will be more convenient as real time updates and inventory levels can be monitored. Offers and promotional schemes by suppliers can also be entertained. Expansion: This inventory monitoring and management system is not just limited to chicken; it can be used for the entire product line, mutton, beef, vegetables, cold drinks, seasoning, flour and so on. The scope is limitless with unlimited suppliers and customers. Improved Customer Service and loyalty: when a customer always gets his or her desired order in desired quantity, it creates customer satisfaction and creates repeat customers. It improves loyalty as well. A computerized receipt also creates a positive impression on the customers. Reduce stock-outs and overstocks: with supply synchronized with demand, the chances of ending up with à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"expired inventory or facing shortages are greatly reduced. Shortages are prevented as inventory as planned well in advance, and in the same way excess inventory is also reducing thereby curbing inventory carrying costs. Ready alerts: if the inventory dips below a certain level at a branch, an automatically generated alert is sent to the warehouse or Gulshan branch and inventory can be moved around. Furthermore this will act as an early warning sign to the warehouse to acquire more inventory. Meeting demand: demand is almost always met unless outside forces have some play. With inventory always available due to a tracking and trend analysis system, sales will always be met. Forecasting: due to its ability to track charts and record daily transactions, the stored information can be used to conduct trend analysis for certain times of the calendar year. This will allow better planning for inventory and sales. Website: Silver Spoon Snacks Pvt. Ltd. can go on-line and have a web presence. This on its own is a marketing tool Networking: since Silver Spoon is now on-line and has a presence on the world wide web, it will be able to reach out to suppliers and customers on a larger scale. It is a ready marketing tool. It can partner with other restaurants, sponsors, FMCGs and causes. Marketing: with the use of e-commerce technologies, Silver Spoon Snacks can expand its marketing operations by sending out e-mails and creating ad banners and partnering with other websites. Costs of proposed system Change: it is possible that managers and top management may resist the change/transition from a paper based system to a technical system. The current system, though not ideal sets comfortably with current management. A management paradigm shift is required. Training: the system users will require some short initial training to understand the use of the software and technology in general. Although the Operations Manager Mr. Talha Awan is well versed with computer software and hardware, there will still be a slight lag due to training. Initial investment: although a small amount, roughly Rs. 150,000 will need to be diverted for a project that has no immediate monetary returns. Software support: although a helpline for customer support exists, it can become cumbersome to ask for guidance incase of software failure or confusion. Hardware failure: at the mercy of KESC and the elements, the computer hardware may fail thereby causing confusion and a stop in information flow. Although an uninterrupted power supply may be purchased, as well as a warranty plan, it will only add up in costs and delays. Internet failure: from time to time, the internet service provider may fail to provide a 100% uptime. This can cause delays and lags in the system. Industry Standard Bar B Q Tonight Inventory Management System To further add value to this report, I studied Bar B Q Tonights current inventory management setup which is computerized. Information was gathered through telephonic interviews and e-mail exchange with the Operations Managers, Sardar Ishaq and Mr. Abur Rehman. The findings are compiled below. Bar B Q Tonight is one of Karachis most famous restaurants that came into being in 1988. It prepares all kinds of cuisine that caters to thousands of customers on a daily basis. In-fact the multi storeyed establishment can house upto a thousand customers at a time. The restaurant has enjoyed high growth levels consistent with every year. Recently a branch has been erected in Lahore. Chicken, Beef, Fish, vegetables, pastas, fruit, ice cream, mushrooms, sausages, cheese, beverages and tissue rolls are just a small list of the inventory that are in storage and continuous use at the restaurant. These are key inputs needed to give customers a full service and experience backed by quality that the restaurant promises. To ensure proper delivery of storage, roughly 500 employees and 2 dozen management level officers are part of the work force. The availability of sufficient inventory and especially at the right time is perhaps the single most crucial factor at the restaurant. Insufficient inventory levels can result in a loss of potential sales. Furthermore due to the sheer quantity of inventory that enters and exits the building, checks and balances, control and proper monitoring of stock are required. This serves a number of functions such as quality control, waste management and theft protection. The current supply chain is as follows: SUPPLIER à ¯Ãâà DRY/COLD STORAGE à ¯Ãâà CUTTING/PROCESSING à ¯Ãâà RELEVANT FOOD DEPARTMENT à ¯Ãâà CUSTOMER The suppliers supply meat, chicken, tinned items, cold drinks, eggs, vegetables and basically all the inputs needed. Once the orders are received, they go into processing/cleaning/cutting/batching dependin Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-88392972594452082302020-01-20T01:43:00.001-08:002020-01-20T01:43:03.609-08:00Screen Adaptations of Classic Literature Should Always Remain True to The Details of The Original Novel. :: essays research papers There are many issues involved with adapting a classic novel for the small screen, but probably the most important of these is the degree of loyalty the adaptation should make with the original novel. For a director it is almost impossible to remain perfectly loyal to the novel. For instance,around the time of the first director, David Lean, filmmaking had not advanced to such a stage for it to be possible to, as shown in the book, animate the roots of a tree to look like dead peopleââ¬â¢s hands. Another problem in directly adapting the novel is that there is simply not enough time to include all the details of a book into a small length of time. Many directors today find this difficult and have to resort to leave out large, but usually unneeded, parts of the novel. The first adaptation of Great Expectations was directed by David Lean. Shot in 1946 this adaptation was in glorious black and white. It would have been possible to shoot the adaptation in colour, but possibly budget issues might of occurred as colour filming was a new innovation and still quite expensive. The adaptation starts with the view of a large, leather-bound book entitled, ââ¬Å"Great Expectationsâ⬠. The book opens and a voice over reads the first few lines describing the character Pip. The voiceover is obviously a grown-up Pip reading. Wind sound effects are heard and the bookââ¬â¢s pages are blown over and over until the scene fades to Pip running into the graveyard. The rest of the scene remains true to the book almost exactly. The lighting is dark, to portray the time of dusk and this gives the scene a mystifying feel because you cant quite see all of the set. Close-up shots and over-the-shoulder shots are used to portray Pipââ¬â¢s and Magwitchââ¬â¢s feelings. Panning shots are also sometimes used, not only to show the surroundings, but to also convey how the graveyard is getting darker. In conclusion, David Lean took the ââ¬Å"faithful to the bookâ⬠route when he directed the adaptation of Great Expectations. The next adaptation was drected by Julian Amyes in 1981. Between Leanââ¬â¢s adaptation and Amyesââ¬â¢ adaptation, there had been countless stage performances of Great Expectations. This mean that most of the population knew of the story of Great Expectations. To ensure that Amesââ¬â¢ adaptation went down in history and wasnââ¬â¢t forgotten, Amyes had to make a few changes to the story. Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-53466201754933758462020-01-11T22:05:00.001-08:002020-01-11T22:05:05.296-08:00Business Gone Green Ethical Reasoning Assignment EssayAB0603 Business Gone Green Ethical Reasoning Assignment Summary Page| Your name: Chia Xinying| Your Instructor: Dr. Josephine Lang| Seminar Group: 01 Word Count: 1095| Briefly lay out, in bulleted-form in the space provided within this page (i.e., do not elaborate), the content of your write-up in addressing the various criteria in the ethical reasoning rubric.| Criteria| Your points| 1. Specify the ethical issue identified| * Edited women from their Saudi Arabiaââ¬â¢s catalogue * Goes against Ikea Group and Swedenââ¬â¢s values * Reflects the pervasive ethical business challenge faced * Further ethical implications such as cultural imperialism| 2. Issue construction: Theoretical perspectives used to elaborate on the issue| * Consequentialism ââ¬â Ethical Egoism: Self interest to garner business support justified * Consequentialism ââ¬â Utilitarianism: Went against view of majority; unjustified * Deontology ââ¬âKantianism: In accordance to moral rules of Saudi Arabia, against principle moral of rights * The Conventional Approach: Follows conventional Saudi Arabiaââ¬â¢s advertising; justified| 3. Issue construction: Uncertainties inherent in the issue| * Business ethics and corporate social responsibility- search for universal values for international commercial behaviour * Cultural Imperialism ââ¬â Infringement of Islam values- Westerners criticize what they do not understand, it might not be right to criticize Ikeaââ¬â¢s behaviour * Intent of altering Saudiââ¬â¢s Catalogue ââ¬â intent remains unknown| 4. Explanation & justification: Effects on key stakeholders| * Ikea as a corporation & its employees- negative repercussions on its reputation and credibility thus imperative for the company to adopt an international guideline * Ikeaââ¬â¢s local and global customers- many Swedes were offended by Ikeaââ¬â¢s decision * Swedish government ââ¬â have portrayed Sweden as being gender unequal| 5. Conclusion: Values, synthesis, and trade offs| * Important that Ikea stands by its values in all circumstances * In order to send the correct message to its consum ers target * Corporateà red light to Ikea to take cultural marketing issues more seriously * Act in the interest of its stakeholders as it serves an indirect representation. * How to reconcile localization with a universal ethics code, however, will remain a challenge for Ikea as well as other corporations.| Checklist | 1. Summary page ____ 2. 900 to 1100 Words Essay ___ 3. List of References ____ | 4. Signed Declaration of Academic Integrity _____ 5. Self-assessed Ethical Reasoning Rubric ______| NANYANG BUSINESS SCHOOL AB0603 ââ¬â Business Gone Green Ethical Reasoning Assignment 1095 words (excluding headers, sub-headers and citations) Name: Chia Xinying Student Matriculation No.: U1110173A Instructor: Dr Josephine Lang Definition of the Ethical issue Ikea, the international furniture company, edited women from their Saudi Arabiaââ¬â¢s catalogue. This action is deemed ethically inappropriate, as it seems to support gender inequality, which goes against Ikea Group and Swedenââ¬â¢s values. (Quinn, 2012) Some may argue that Ikea was submitting to pressure from the conservative Islamic state while others say that Ikea was just respecting and being understanding towards Saudi Arabiaââ¬â¢s cultural standards. This media coverage aptly reflects the pervasive ethical business challenge faced by globalized companies, where it is difficult to find a balance between international commercial behaviour and localization of marketing communications. Moreover, this issue could lead to further ethical implications such as cultural imperialism, which will be discussed further. Theoretical Perspectives to Elaborate on the Issue 1) Principles approach (a) Consequentialism ââ¬â Ethical Egoism Under the egoism approach, Ikeaââ¬â¢s decision is justifiable as the move to satisfy Saudi monarchyââ¬â¢s gender segregation rules (Kayyem, 2012) could be seen as an act of self-interest to garner business support in a male-dominated society. On the other hand, Ikea may have also thought that it is an ethical action to be sensitive to womenââ¬â¢s rights in Saudi Arabia and conform to them. (b) Consequentialism ââ¬â Utilitarianism On the basis that following the view of the majority will produce the best consequence, Ikeaââ¬â¢s action is unjustifiable as its action is against the values of Ikea, Sweden and even United Nations (United Nations Millennium Goals). Ikeaââ¬â¢s act has thus garnered many bad press and negative reaction from the general public. It has also worsened its own brand image and reputation in the globalized economy. (c) Deontology -Kantianism Ikeaââ¬â¢s actions are in accordance to moral rules dictated by the Sharia council as womenââ¬â¢s rights in Saudi Arabia is largely influenced and defined by Islam and tribal customs. However, this conflicts with the moral principle of rights stating that, ââ¬Å" All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.â⬠(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights) 2) The Conventional Approach In this final approach, the justification of an act depends on the prevailing norms of the society. In Saudiââ¬â¢s advertisements, women only appear infrequently. (Quinn, 2012) It is not unusual to see censors blacking out many parts of a womenââ¬â¢s body in imported magazines. Thus Ikeaââ¬â¢s actions will be deemed acceptable to the conventional approach of advertisements in Saudi Arabia. From the different theoretical perspectives above, it clear that the moral rules and principles that Saudi Arabia follows is different from the rest of the world. Thus it really boils down to which values do Ikea chooses to uphold. Uncertainties Inherent in the Issue (a) Business ethics and corporate social responsibilityà Being a globalized business, Ikea will be constantly dealing with business ethics issue such as the search for universal values for international commercial behaviour. For example, when you adapt your business practices to the countryââ¬â¢s customs, cultural values and legal requirements, it might be seen as unacceptable in your home markets. (Baker, 2012) Vice versa, if Ikea were to release an unaltered version of the catalogues in Saudi Arabia, would there be a backlash in the Muslim community? This business uncertainty remains a challenge to international companies. (b) Cultural Imperialism ââ¬â Infringement of Islam values Furthermore, there are many misconceptions in the West about womenââ¬â¢s life in Saudi Arabia (NAFJAN, 2012). Western critics towards women rights in Saudi has ââ¬Å"failed to understand the uniqueness of Saudi Societyâ⬠(Zoepf, 2010) and thus should not inflict western values or lifestyles on the Saudi Arabians said journalist Maha Akeei, a frequent critic of Saudiââ¬â¢s patriarchal customs. (Hiel, 2007) Since Westerners criticize what they do not understand, it might not be right to criticize Ikeaââ¬â¢s behaviour when Ikea is being sensitive to their culture. (c) Intent of altering Saudiââ¬â¢s Catalogue While the reason why Ikea decided to steer away from their progressive Swedish values at home is unclear, it is difficult to ascertain whether the issue was ethical as mentioned earlier. Effects on key stakeholders (a) Ikea as a corporation & its employees Ikea has always been a brand conscious company who has an imageà that cares about sustainability and its moral values. The company is named one of the ââ¬ËWorldââ¬â¢s Most Ethical Companiesââ¬â¢ for the fourth consecutive year in 2010. (PRNewswire, 2010) However, the fact that the company could betray the companyââ¬â¢s values at the drop of a hat, have disappointed many of its customers. Even though Ikea was quick to apologise, its actions already has negative repercussions on its reputation and credibility. (Knowledge@Wharton, 2012) Therefore, it is imperative for the company to adopt an international guideline for its employees to follow to better deal with such dilemmas in the future. The company continued: ââ¬Å"We are now reviewing our routines to safeguard a correct content presentation from a values point of view in the different versions of the IKEA Catalogue worldwide.â⬠(Quinn, 2012) (b) Ikeaââ¬â¢s local and global customers Moreover, many Swedes were offended by Ikeaââ¬â¢s decision, believing that the deletion of women from the Saudi catalogue portrayed their country as being ââ¬Å"gender unequal.â⬠(Vasic, 2012) Global customers who are supporters of womenââ¬â¢s rights will also think less of Ikea and be less loyal towards Ikea. (c) Swedish government Even though Ikea is a private company, it inevitably projects an image of Sweden around the world. (Swedish equality minister Nyamko Sabuni, CBC News, 2012) An article of the Swedish Institute also further substantiates that ââ¬Å"Ikea is doing more for the image of Sweden than all governmental effortsâ⬠(Wà ¤stberg, O., 2009). As mentioned, Ikeaââ¬â¢s decision might have portrayed Sweden as being gender unequal, thus it is important for Ikea to uphold Swedenââ¬â¢s image, as it is a corporate representation of the country. In all, Ikeaââ¬â¢s reputation has taken a toll and should operate with the right values expected from its customers. Conclusion Based on the ethical theories of egoism, conventional approach and moral rules in Saudi Arabia, Ikeaââ¬â¢s actions are deemed ethical while based on utilitarianism and principles of rights, their actions are deemedà unethical. While one can never satisfy everyone, it is important that Ikea stands by its values in all circumstances, (i.e. sent the original Swedish version of the catalogue to Saudi Arabia) especially when it involves a violation of human rights, (Knowledge@Wharton, 2012) to send the correct message to its consumers target. While there might be nuances of cultural imperialism when different stakeholders criticize Ikeaââ¬â¢s actions, it once again boils down to understanding both cultures fully before making a stand. To recapitulate, through globalization and communications revolution, it is inevitable for companies to face ethical and cultural conflicts. Ikea reflects the realistic marketing choices confronting many globalized companies around the world, with the companies not hesitating to localize their marketing communications though it is against the companyââ¬â¢s code of conduct. While Ikeaââ¬â¢s motive remains unknown, it has apologised nonetheless. This lesson learnt serves as a corporate red light to Ikea to take cultural marketing issues more seriously and to act in the interest of its stakeholders as it serves an indirect representation. Also, exactly how to reconcile localization with a universal ethics code, however, will remain a challenge for Ikea as well as other corporations. References: Quinn, B. (2012). Ikea apologises over removal of women from Saudi Arabia catalogue. The Guardian: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/oct/02/ikea-apologises-removing-women-saudi-arabia-catalogue United Nation. (2010) United Nations Millennium Goals http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/ United Nations (2010) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 1 http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml Baker (2012) IKEAââ¬â¢s Saudi catalogue apology ââ¬â right and wrong http://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/post.php?id=453 Zoepf, Katherine (2010). ââ¬Å"Talk of Womenââ¬â¢s Rights Divides Saudi Arabiaâ⬠. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/01/world/middleeast/01iht-saudi.html?pagewanted=1&src=me&_r=0 Hiel, Betsy (2007). ââ¬Å"Dhahran women push the veil asideâ⬠. Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Retrieved 19 September 2010. http://triblive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/middleeastreports/s_507462.html PRNewswire ( 2010) IKEA Named as One of the ââ¬ËWorldââ¬â¢s Most Ethical Companiesââ¬â¢ for Fourth Consecutive Year in 2010 http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ikea-named-as-one-of-the-worlds-most-ethical-companies-for-fourth-consecutive-year-in-2010-89384407.html Arabic Knowledge@Wharton. (2012, October 16). Missing the Picture: IKEAââ¬â¢s Women-free Catalogue in Saudi Arabia Fails to Protect Company Values and Reputation. Retrieved from Arabic Knowledge@Wharton: http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/arabic/article.cfm?articleid=2880 Vasic 2012 Ikea Erases Women From Saudi Arabian Catalogue http://blogs.ubc.ca/ninavasic/2012/10/02/15/ Swedish equality minister Nyamko Sabuni, CBC News, 2012 Ikea regrets editing women out of Saudi cataloguehttp://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2012/10/01/ikea-saudi-catalogue-controversy.html Wà ¤stberg, O.(2009) Branding Sweden & Ikea http://www.placemarketing.nl/countrybranding/branding-sweden-ikea/ Declaration of Academic Integrity Declaration of Academic Integrity Please sign (for hard copy submissions) or put a tick in the box (for online submissions) to indicate that you have read and accepted the following statements. Your assignment will not be accepted without this declaration ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â- ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â- I confirm that: ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â- I have read and understood the Universityââ¬â¢s Shared Values & Honour Code, including the information on practices concerning the academic integrity (given in http://academicintegrity.ntu.edu.sg/a-guide-to-academic-integrity/) and that in the attached coursework submission I have worked within its expectations. ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â- I am aware that failure to act in accordance with the Universityââ¬â¢s Shared Values & Honour Code may lead to the imposition of penalties which may include the requirement to revise and resubmit an assignment, receiving a lower grade, or receiving an F grade for the assignment; suspension from the University or termination of my candidature. ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â- I consent to the University copying and distributing any or all of my work in any form and using third parties to verify whether my work contains plagiarised material, and for quality assurance purposes. âËâ I have read and accept the above. If you require any further guidance about academic integrity, please talk to your profess or refer to http://academicintegrity.ntu.edu.sg Course title: Business Gone Green Course Code: AB0603 Assignment: Ethical Reasoning I, Chia Xinying, declare that the work which I am submitting is original and that I have made proper referencing and citations (where appropriate and required). Chia Xinying 10th March 2013 NameDate Signature AB 0603 Business Gone Green Ethical Reasoning Rubric ISSUE DEFINITION: Describes the Issue of the Situation| Weak| Defines the issue either too narrowly or too broadly with embedded personal biases| Average| Defines the explicit issue appropriately and impartially| Professional| Defines the issue holistically and impartially with logical elaboration| | Weak Average Professional____________________________ 1 2 3| ISSUE CONSTRUCTION : Identifies Alternative Theoretical Perspectives| Weak| Identifies only one theoretical perspective with scant elaboration| Average| Identifies only two theoretical perspectives with some elaboration | Professional| Identifies numerous pertinent theoretical perspectives with good elaboration| | Weak Average Professional____________________________ 1 2 3| ISSUE CONSTRUCTION: Identifies and Elaborates on Uncertainties| Weak| Unable to identify uncertainties inherent in the ethical situation| Average| Identifies only a few uncertainties inherent in the situation with inadequate elaboration| Professional| Incorporates a comprehensive understanding of uncertainties with logical arguments| | Weak Average Professional_____________________________ 1 2 3| EXPLANATION AND JUSTIFICATION: Discusses Effects on Key Stakeholders| Weak| Does not directly describe effects of issue on key stakeholders | Average| Provides little or only superficial discussion of effects of issue on key stakeholders | Professional| Identifies the key stakeholders and addresses their interests and concerns holistically with evidentiary support| | Weak Average Professional_____________________________ 1 2 3| CONCLUSION: Clarifies Values, Synthesis and Trade-offs| Weak| Does not discuss the issue holistically and does not explain how various factors were weighed in arriving at a conclusion| Average| Discuss the issue within a narrow context and provides inadequate evaluation of alternatives and weighing of factors | Professional| Provides a holistic discussion of the issue, reconciles conflicting values/interests, and justifies trade-offs made in reaching a conclusion| | Weak Average Professional_____________________________ 1 2 3| Sources: (a) Wolcott, Susan k., (2005). Colloquium on Change in Accounting Education, October 28, 2005. (b) Sonenshein, Scott. (2007) The role of construction, intuition and justification in responding to ethical issues at work: the sensemaking-intuition model. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 32, No.4, pp. 1022-1040. Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-77888043765810533612020-01-03T18:29:00.001-08:002020-01-03T18:29:03.189-08:00Auditing Procedures And Reports Used By Auditors Essay The audit process is a vital role to the successfulness of a company or its downfall. By having a companyââ¬â¢s financial records frequently evaluated; hidden issues that could take years to surface could be found in a timely manner. The intention of this paper is to show a brief summary of auditing procedures and reports used. There is also a comparison and contrast of audit procedures and reporting that is used by auditors. This paper also compares the Explanatory Report to the Standard Report. An audit can be very complex in its process of checks that ensure information is correct as recognized. Auditing looks like a numbers-based analysis and it is imperative to be able to audit the procedures of the past to recommend future improvements for success. Audit Reports There are a number of auditor reports that exist. These include unqualified, explanatory, qualified, disclaimer, and adverse. The unqualified report means that in an auditorââ¬â¢s opinion, there are no special circumstances found that need to be reported and the companyââ¬â¢s financial statements are presented and do not show any material misstatements. An auditor might issue reports that show their opinions are not unqualified. The other reports include explanatory, qualified, disclaimer, and adverse. The explanatory paragraph that is usually added to an unqualified report follows what is known as the opinion paragraph. ââ¬Å"Four situations require the addition of the explanatory paragraph: 1) Reference to the audit ofShow MoreRelatedFinancial Systems and Auditing1640 Words à |à 7 PagesFinancial Systems and Auditing: Contributing to the planning and conduct of an audit assignment and preparing audit reports. Q 1 Report on the auditing function (i) Legal duties and status of auditors 1. A companyââ¬â¢s auditor shall I preparing their report, carry out an investigation: - whether proper accounting records have been kept by the company and proper returns adequate for their audit have been received from brunches not visited by them - whether the companyââ¬â¢s individual accountsRead MoreHomework Assignment Week 11195 Words à |à 5 Pagesquestions deal with auditing standards. Choose the best response. A. 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GAASRead MoreDoes skepticism by the auditor would enhance audit quality1435 Words à |à 6 Pagesaudits has been recognized from the time the very first auditing standard was implemented (Fullerton and Durtschi, 2012). The recent financial crises and audit failures have caused the profession to reassess and emphasise the importance of skepticism during an audit engagement, ensuring that auditors increase their level of skepticism (Fullerton and Durtschi, 2012). Auditors are now asked to expand their skeptical perspective to the level used by forensic experts, which according to Fullerton and Durtschi Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-30199249339939712392019-12-26T14:56:00.001-08:002019-12-26T14:56:03.854-08:00Fixing the Future Essay - 683 Words As the dawn started breaking the next day, the peculiar group inside Smith was preparing for anything. They had even loaded themselves with a variation of handguns in case they needed more firepower than Smith had to offer at the moment. Seemed silly, as the enemy had had plenty time to wait and scout the area they were hiding in and, also, to get very cross with them. But being in the situation that they were, they had to be prepared to do all they could to at least make their capture as hard on the enemy as possible. When they were finished with the preparations, Mu, Gamma and Beta seated themselves at the control table. Grave silence filled the corridors as to contrast the merriness of them from the night before. ââ¬Å"All set?â⬠Gammaâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬Å"Didnââ¬â¢t I tell you to stop that the last time I was here?â⬠ââ¬Å"You did indeed, sir.â⬠ââ¬Å"Enough chitchat!â⬠Gamma commanded as Mu switched the main engine on when the wing engines had reached an equal temperature. ââ¬Å"Engines on. Checking the guns.â⬠Mu announced as he went through a list on a screen above him, switching all available guns to be at ready when needed. Of course they were more than low of ammunition, but maybe they could get creative; thatââ¬â¢s why Mu was behind the guns. They didnââ¬â¢t want to repeat the fire-everything ââ¬âincidence that had gotten Gamma into this mess. ââ¬Å"Alright then. Ladies, get ready for a take off.â⬠Gamma exclaimed through the JPCs as he headed up, trying not to cause a forest fire. Not even a minute after they had taken off, the first of the neudroids arrived to their scanner. ââ¬Å"Ready to fire. Cam, activate the lazers. Weââ¬â¢re not in risk of unattended combustion anymore. A, make sure our energy feed is balanced, we donââ¬â¢t want any nasty surprises.â⬠ââ¬Å"Got it,â⬠Anette replied, and Beta couldnââ¬â¢t help but snicker when he heard her voice for the first time. He got a curious look from Gamma, who wasnââ¬â¢t certain what he thought was funny in a situation where Neudroids were nearing them, their plasma canisters full while they had barely any left. ââ¬Å"When were you planning to tell us you knew a master thief?â⬠Beta asked after making sure that his comm link was closed, trying to keep his humor under control. ââ¬Å"You peeked,â⬠Gamma yelped at him, accusingly.Show MoreRelatedFixing the Future1094 Words à |à 4 Pagesâ⬠Smith, is there a wormhole that would take us to Red Restina anywhere near? I wouldnââ¬â¢t want to try our luck with the engine, and we donââ¬â¢t have resources to keep this up with a fully stored neudroid ship.â⬠Gamma asked, after he had given the females of their group an all-clear and they had gone off to get rid of the piles of guns they had on them and change their clothes. ââ¬Å"Unfortunately the closest I can find is in the Saturn rings and too soon for us to make it there in time.â⬠ââ¬Å"How long is itRead MoreHISTORY OF MATCH FIXING IN INDIA The start to the new millennium was not very auspicious for the900 Words à |à 4 PagesHISTORY OF MATCH FIXING IN INDIA The start to the new millennium was not very auspicious for the Cricket world, as were engulfed in a series of match fixing scandals that has left the world socked and bewildered. The first trace of cheating in cricket was found in 1994-95, Shane Warne and Mark Waugh - two of the greatest names in the history of Australian cricket were guilty of supplying information about team selection, weather and pitch to an Indian bookmaker in 1994. They were let off easilyRead MoreEnergy Joint Genome Institute ( Mpi ) For Terrestrial Microbiology1046 Words à |à 5 PagesMarburg, Germany, by tapping the DNA synthesis expertise of the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (DOE JGI), has reverse engineered a biosynthetic pathway for more effective carbon fixation. This novel pathway is based on a new CO2-fixing enzyme that is nearly 20 times faster than the most prevalent enzyme in nature responsible for capturing CO2 in plants by using sunlight as energy. The study was published in the November 18, 2016 issue of Science. We had seen how efforts to directlyRead MoreNotes On Galaxy Sivtek Pvt Essay1748 Words à |à 7 Pagesmaking the circular frame out off st raight sheet metal, fixing the nut at the center of the sieve frame, layout problem etc. All of the above mentioned problems were there in the company out of which layout problem and nut fixing problem were main problem. Due to the layout problem time consumption for manufacturing one machine is very more and also material handling and transporting becomes very hard. Also due to manual fixing of nut at the centre of the sieve frame by measuring withRead MoreFord Pinto Case For A Defective Fuel System903 Words à |à 4 Pageswould be the most ethical decision for the business. But later in 1978 media paid more attention to the Pinto gas tank stories, which resulted in accidents and many people lost their lives. Ford faced pressure from the media, the government, loss of future sales, loss of image, court cases, and had to recall 1.5 million Pintos. One wrong decision of the Pinto Ford representatives cost them more than what they assumed. In this case the argument and results would be different according to ones ethicalRead MoreRepair Anything Is A Management Software That Helps User1470 Words à |à 6 PagesRepair Anything is a management software that helps user control a large amount of customers, and it also creates a solid connection between customers and user. After a long time of frustration fixing a computer, people could come to Repair Anything store and get help from an assistant or they could fix it by themselves with all available tools. To keep up with the DIY culture, Repair Anything software is created to help a store manage all the customer data automatically. The software is a combinationRead MoreEssay on Nature of customer demand within a company1454 Words à |à 6 Pagesï » ¿Part One A) The general nature of the funeral business is to some degree incredibly uncertain. There is no guaranteed way of forecasting future work as there is no guarantee that death rates in the area will remain the same year on year due to various factors e.g. general health in the area, local disasters, poverty rates etc. For the purpose of this report the focus will not be on the funeral business as a whole but on one area of sales ââ¬â monumental masonry. The nature of customerRead MoreCase Study : Anti Competition Project1497 Words à |à 6 Pagesresearch a case concerning price fixing in a market. â⬠¢ Describe the situation and the product. What was the impact on prices, quantities, consumers, etc.? Response: General Electric and Westinghouse were the leaders in a price-fixing cartel based around selling heavy equipment during the 1950s. The prices were set identical for a large group of companies on big ticket items. This price-fixing scandal drove up prices for many consumers (Trex). â⬠¢ Describe how the price-fixing arrangement was made-i.e.Read MoreAnalysis Of Leadership Bs Fixing Workplaces And Careers One Truth At A Time1596 Words à |à 7 Pages Analysis of Leadership BS Fixing Workplaces and Careers One Truth at a Time Rafael A Guzman Garmendia Webster University MNGT 5670 Dr. John D. Theodore 12/16/2015 ââ¬Æ' Abstract This paper condense an summary of the learning acquired from the book Leadership BS Fixing Workplaces and Careers One Truth at a Time, written by Jeffrey Pfeffer, contrasting approach with the book Leadership written by Andrew DuBrin, showing the remarkable differences between authors line. ââ¬Æ' Introduction One of theRead MoreBroken Family Essay1428 Words à |à 6 Pageslater in life (WFââ¬âLawyers np). Divorce can occur for many reasons, such as lack of commitment, constant arguments, and early marriage (WFââ¬âLawyers np). These problems take a role in the majority of divorces, however, solving these major issues through fixing broken relationships has its benefits. Society, unfortunately, shows us that we must replace broken items rather than fix them. Maintaining healthy households and strong family values through the mending of relationships is important. Since the 1980s Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-43593502319587581592019-12-18T10:45:00.001-08:002019-12-18T10:45:02.888-08:00The Education Of The United Nations - 971 Words Introduction: Education refers to the universal intellect that takes any form of learning in which the knowledge, talents, skills and habits of a society are conveyed from one generation to another. The modes through which education is conveyed include; teaching, research, or training. It often done under the guidance of others but can also be autodidactic. It involves experiences that have a formative effect on how people think, feel, or act. Various stages of education in ascending order are as follows such as preschool, primary school, secondary school and then college, university or apprenticeship. Education system may refer to the way education is structured in a county in relation to syllabus, stages, and subjects among otherâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Secondary school is compost of middle school or junior high school and the next section is high school. A graduate from a high school is awarded a diploma or a certificate. After the so called the twelfth grate the US students proceed to college or university which is then called higher education. Children in United Kingdom begin school at the age of five and exit at the age of 16. During this period schooling is compulsory for all children. Primary school constitute the lowest level and has many sub-stages such as : Combined Junior and Infant School whose length is 6 years, Comprehensive School with the age levels of 7 to: 11 is exactly 5 years long and secondary school. A graduate from secondary school is awarded Certificate/diploma awarded: General Certificate of Secondary Education or Vocational Certificate of Secondary Education. Secondary schooling is up to sixth form after which a graduate is awarded a diploma or Certificate/diploma awarded. Grading system in America is the usual one in which students have to submit their academic transcripts to be application for admission to university or college. Academic credentials are official copies of their academic work. The grades are measurements of their academic achievement. Courses are commonly graded using ratios, which are changed into letter grades. It can be confusing for international students who are not used Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-37124246271949161782019-12-10T07:27:00.001-08:002019-12-10T07:27:03.561-08:00Core Concepts and Theory in the Transpersonal Approach to Counselling free essay sample What are some of the core concepts and theory when considering the transpersonal approach? The work of the transpersonal draws largely from mainstream psychological concepts and theory in order to ground its practice in science. However, unlike mainstream psychological paradigms, the transpersonal acknowledges that ââ¬Å"our essential nature is spiritualâ⬠(Phoenix Institute of Australia, 2012) and that as human beings we have ââ¬Å"valid urges towards the spiritualâ⬠(Phoenix Institute of Australia, 2012). The transpersonal approach is based on this notion of the spiritual self as the foundation for our psychological structure of the self and therefore proposes that we exist simultaneously in a multitude of realities, including but not limited to the body, mind, spirit, feeling, fantasy and science. Similarly the transpersonal view of consciousness considers our ordinary, everyday experience of reality as one of many states of consciousness accessible to us at any given time through a variety of methods. It is these fundamental notions which allow the transpersonal approach to transcend time and culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Core Concepts and Theory in the Transpersonal Approach to Counselling or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is seen in the way the practitioner can be likened to the ancient shaman as both practically engage with the ââ¬Å"full spectrum of consciousnessâ⬠becoming ââ¬Å"technicians and navigatorsâ⬠of the multiple states and realities able to be experienced by the human being. The transpersonal approach also considers life as a journey with an origin, landscape and destination or end, ââ¬Å"framed by a cosmic background, a canopy of meaning which arches across our lives from birth to after deathâ⬠(Phoenix Institute of Australia, 2012) and the intuition as a serious indicator and tool for navigating the world. Ultimately the transpersonal aims to transform the individual through integration of experiences that go beyond the ego and ultimately provide ââ¬Å"a more satisfying or valuable conditionâ⬠(Phoenix Institute of Australia, 2012). Whilst grounded in science and psychology, the transpersonal approach is unique in its effort to synthesize ideas from schools of thought, which have been in opposition at various times throughout history, into an integrative and holistic method. It includes mystical, spiritual and religious experiences as well as sharing much common ground with consciousness studies and humanistic psychology. Transpersonal experiences can be interpreted either religiously or non-religiously according to individual preferenceâ⬠(Walsh, 1993). Founder of Humanistic and later Transpersonal Psychology Abraham Maslow theorized that the approach of the transpersonal does not oppose that of Freud; it offers a complementary viewpoint, which assists in recognizing ââ¬Å "the full range and variety of transpersonal experienceâ⬠(Daniels, 2005) and focuses on ââ¬Å"the human origins, significance and value of transpersonal phenomenaâ⬠(Daniels, 2005). Whilst psychoanalysis was part of a biomedical, reductionist model which did not encompass the full spectrum of states of consciousness, nor did it acknowledge the spiritual self, it provided a basic framework for the psychological structure of the self, later understood by the transpersonal to rest on the foundations of the spiritual self. The notion of the psychological self and the spiritual self stems from the assumption of the transpersonal that we exist simultaneously in multiple realities. The realities of the body, the mind, the spirit, emotion, imagination and science are all part of a rich tapestry, which inform and shape our life-story or journey. Transpersonal work uses this understanding of everyday reality to engage with the whole person and discover resources that offer ââ¬Å"potentialities of self-healing, self-development and self-realization (self-transcendence)â⬠(Phoenix Institute of Australia, 2012). Similarly the transpersonal approach does not consider consciousness to be fixed to the every day waking experience of life. Instead, there exists a variety of states of consciousness outside our every day experience or ââ¬ËOrdinary Waking State (OWS)ââ¬â¢ (Phoenix Institute of Australia, 2012) which may be accessed via ââ¬Ëinduction methodsââ¬â¢ and contain alternate potentialities that cannot be realized in the OWS. It is this way in which the transpersonal recognizes and integrates the notion of altered states that shapes the transpersonal view of health as a positive state, not the absence of disease. It is the acceptance and integration of altered states of consciousness synthesized with a biomedical understanding of the psychological self which allows the transpersonal to transcend time and culture. This synthesis is visible in Fischers model of ASCââ¬â¢s and Arousal States as it describes a symbiotic relationship between the central nervous system and altered states of consciousness whereby the two are co-dependent and mutually influential. The transcendence of time and culture can be seen in the ability to compare the visionary practices of the ancient shaman with those of the modern transpersonal practitioner. It could be said that the transpersonal practitioner adopts a ââ¬Ëshamanicââ¬â¢ approach to altered states of consciousness, considering such states as being ââ¬Å"not bounded by bodily space or physical conditionsâ⬠(Phoenix Institute of Australia, 2012). This is not seen in the psychological paradigm, which operates on the assumption that nothing exists external to us. This notion has great implications for the transpersonal ââ¬Ëmodus operandiââ¬â¢ and often places the transpersonal practitioner more in the realms of the shamanic than the realms of its roots in traditional psychology. When comparing the shaman, the analyst and the transpersonal practitioner, it becomes apparent that the methods and practices of the shamanic and the transpersonal often stand in stark contrast to those of the psychoanalyst. Traditional roles of the therapist and patient dissolve and the patient assumes the role of the healer, creator and author of their story. The practitioner becomes a ââ¬Å"technician and navigator of consciousnessâ⬠(Phoenix Institute of Australia, 2012) as they join and work with their clients, often facilitating the induction of altered states and entering into the clients landscape empathetically and assisting them to access and retrieve the resources associated with the altered state. Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-69254706052456007172019-12-02T19:08:00.001-08:002019-12-02T19:08:05.378-08:00Living in a Flat and a House free essay sample Ià decided to compare living in aà flat and living in aà house, because Ià moved from aà flat to aà house aà couple of months ago. This fact inspired me to write about the differences between these two places. Ià definitely love living in aà house more, but nothing is only white and black. Equally living in aà flat and living in aà house have their pros and cons. Living in aà flat is quite comfortable and one doesn? t have much worries. You do not have to bother with for instance hot water, heating or gardening. If aà problem appears, there is an easy way how to figure that out. All you need is to call your caretaker. On the other hand, living in aà house brings in far more responsibilities. One needs to make sure that things work as they should all the time. In case something breaks down, you have to pay all the charges connected with repairs while the final amount of money for any repair work in aà flat is divided by the number of renters of aà whole housing unit. We will write a custom essay sample on Living in a Flat and a House or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Time is another issue Ià am going to mention. In general, flats are situated in à towns while houses, most of them, are situated in villages. When living in aà flat, one spends only aà little time travelling to work, school, hospital or city center whereas when living in aà village is more consumptive of time and money as well. Besides all the negative facts about living in aà house mentioned above, there are also several pluses. Firstly, aà house is usually bigger than aà flat which simply means more rooms and more privacy for all the members of aà family. Unfortunatelly, Ià can? t say the same about aà flat. According to my own experience, Ià had to share aà room with my two younger brothers because our flat wasn? big enough for five people. Although, it was aà 3 room flat which is considered to be the bigger one. Another advantage of living in aà house is the connection with nature which of course misses when living in aà flat. Instead of breathing tons of smog Ià can inhalate aà fresh air every single day. Moreover, one does more physical activities such as gardening, mowing the grass, going with aà dog for aà walk when living in aà village. In addition to that, Ià not only fulfill my duties but Ià keep myself in aà good shape and health too. In spite of all the negatives about living in aà flat mentioned above, Ià enjoyed living in aà town because Ià have spent most of my life there. Memories from my childhood and cubhood are stongly attached to my home-town. Further more, all my friends live there. But now, Ià feel more comfortable with living in aà house. Ià like my own room, the fresh air, walks with my dog and peace and quiet which are all around here. Ià definitely wouldn? t exchange it with living in aà flat. Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-35247910392719979362019-11-27T06:15:00.001-08:002019-11-27T06:15:03.887-08:00Teaching Others to Write. . . OnlineTeaching Others to Write. . . Online If youââ¬â¢ve been published for any length of time, you realize thousands upon thousands of writers still struggle to get published or to decide what they want to write. Some still need to learn the basics while others seek to be steered in the right direction. With enough experience and knowledge under your belt, you might be able to help them and, in turn, increase your writing profits. You donââ¬â¢t need to be a New York Times bestseller or have numerous awards to your credit to teach; however, you do need strong writing skills, proof that youââ¬â¢ve mastered an area of writing, and the ability to convey the knowledge you have learned to others. Choosing the topic to teach involves research as you look into writing courses already available. You donââ¬â¢t want to offer a course too similar or too generic, and what you do offer should be a component of writing with which youââ¬â¢re extremely familiar. For instance, if youââ¬â¢ve gotten rave reviews on your villainous characters, you could possibly teach a course for other aspiring suspense/thriller writers. Teaching writing courses involves designing the course, which includes writing all of the lessons and the assignments, and setting the price, although some sites do have input on the fee. You will also review the studentsââ¬â¢ assignments and offer feedback for improvement. Some teachers offer an assessment test or a review wrap-up at the end of the course but neither are required. It is helpful to think creatively when youââ¬â¢re designing your course, though, because you must be a magnet, convincing writers why they should take your course. I just completed teaching a romance writing course for Wow! Women On Writing, and I have a different class, about how to strengthen your fiction, that will start on September 16th. The site takes 20 percent commission, but I factor that in when I set the price of my classes. I have been teaching for Women On Writing since 2016, and the extra income is well worth the small bit of time it takes to review student assignments. Sites like Women On Writing and Savvy Authors are always scouting for high-quality teachers, and once you pass their application process, you set the times you want to teach around your schedule. Plus, the material belongs to you, and you can use it as often as youââ¬â¢d like, whether itââ¬â¢s four times a year or only once. à CreativeLive is also open to new instructors, but these are recorded classes, which might be another interesting path to take. There is a short learning curve to teaching an online class, and itââ¬â¢s always beneficial to take one yourself before becoming the teacher. Become accustomed to the flow of the class to determine what you like and donââ¬â¢t like about particular ways of teaching. Youââ¬â¢ll find your own way to present your information to students. You might also want to take this free course so you can learn to teach online. Once youââ¬â¢ve been teaching for a while, you could even try your hand at places like Udemy and Skillshare which offer video-based courses and a chance for you to earn even more money, though the learning curve at these sites has a bit of a wider arc. Finally, as a bonus, once youââ¬â¢re tired of a written course or donââ¬â¢t have the desire to teach it anymore, you can turn the classes into articles to sell. Most will need basic restructuring before you submit them for possible publication. Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-40711100865936030262019-11-23T13:49:00.001-08:002019-11-23T13:49:02.821-08:00The Pros of Technological Devices for Education - EssaySupply.comThe Pros of Technological Devices for Education The Pros of Technological Devices for Education The computer was perhaps the one device that transformed classroom education in the 20th century. As the use computers continued to expand and continues to expand today, we continue to find new and exciting ways to deliver educational programming through a platform that both engages and excites students at all levels. Consider all that is now done with computers in typical educational environments: Computer-assisted instruction allows students to receive direct instruction in engaging ways and to practice skills using downloaded or ââ¬Å"in the cloudâ⬠software. Entire curricula are now available online for students to engage in learning when they are not physically present in a classroom. This is available for students who are ââ¬Å"home-schooled,â⬠for students in alternative programs in which they complete coursework entirely online, and for students who wish to complete college coursework on flexible schedules that they need because of work or other obligations. Students use PCââ¬â¢s, laptops, and tablets to conduct research for reports, essays and papers Computers have enabled a variety of educational delivery options, with the obvious benefit being to the student who does not or cannot function in a regular classroom environment. Other Technological Devices That Have Impact We usually think of technology as only those things related to computers. However, there are other devices that either work with computers or are stand-alone objects that have enhanced educational delivery systems: No older teacher will ever state that s/he misses the old duplicating machine, with its purple ink and unpleasant odor. The copier has replaced all of that unpleasantness and provides clear copies that teachers may use in a huge number of ways. Printers. These devices are becoming more sophisticated every year, but the idea that one can phone, fax, make copies, and print out what has been typed into a computer, was just unheard of when printers were new on the market Interactive whiteboards. When images are projected on such a board, students may draw, write or manipulate the images themselves ââ¬â a great teaching tool. Digital Projectors. Mounted on the ceiling and connected to a computer, these handy little devices can project anything from a computer screen directly onto a large whiteboard or other surface. The Pros of Technological Devices for Education of Handicapped Students Students with severe physical disabilities were traditionally taught at home or in very specialized environments, isolated from the mainstream of classrooms in which regular educational students were taught. Thanks to new assistive technology, however, these students can now participate in regular classrooms, and their lives have been significantly changed for the better. Here are just a few devices now available to handicapped student: Motorized wheel chairs and stair lifts allow wheelchair-bound students full access to the school physical environment. Specialized keyboards and mice for students with motor control difficulties are now in use in every public school in the country Students who are unable to use their hands for any fine motor skills now have digital dictation devices that will automatically type what they say. So, a paraplegic student need only say, ââ¬Å"Write my essay for me,â⬠dictate that essay and watch as it unfolds on the computer screen, complete with proper grammar and spelling. For the visually impaired student, audio textbooks are available directly from the publishers and can be accessed at any point in time. Computers can project enlarged text onto white boards for far easier reading. Technology has advanced education in wonderful ways. Students whose learning styles deviated from the traditional educational delivery structure now have those learning styles dignified; children, teens and adults who want alternative learning environments can be accommodated; students were physical disabilities can participate in a regular learning environment. And as rapidly as advances continue to be make, educational delivery will only get better. Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-63780039878063283282019-11-21T05:07:00.001-08:002019-11-21T05:07:05.627-08:00Selling the Revolutionary Surf Ski in International Markets AssignmentSelling the Revolutionary Surf Ski in International Markets - Assignment Example 7 References â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ 8 Executive Summary ABC Surfer has recently developed a new surf ski that can outperform all the existing skis and can be produced at a much lower cost. The surf ski's unique design and shell material is protected by a number of patents. Surf skiing is an international adventure sport with surf skier all over the world. Hence, it is in ABC Surfer's interest to expand into international markets to reach as many potential customers as possible. Surf skiing is comparatively a new sport but is gaining in popularity all over the world. Besides Australasia, the US is one of the major countries that hosts surf skiing events and has the biggest population of surf skiers. As such the US is not only one of the biggest market for surf skiing products, but also the fastest growing one. The countr y also has low barriers to entry, similar culture as Australia and a stable political and economic environment. As ABC Surfer looks to expand in international markets, the US comes across as an obvious choice. ABC Surfer must also carefully analyze and plan its mode of entry into the US market. Although the company has several options available, the need to protect its patented design means that it must discard licensing and joint ventures as possible options. Opening a wholly owned subsidiary or going for an acquisition is also not an available option at this time due to cost considerations. Keeping these factors in mind, the direct export mode of entry is best suited for ABC Surfer's international plans. It is recommended that the company should open a branch in the US to take care of day to day issues and importing, promoting and sales of the surf ski. Selling the Revolutionary Surf Ski in International Markets 1. Introduction The ABC Surfers is a premium Australian manufacturing company involved in the production of surfing equipment. The company has recently developed a surf ski, a revolutionary product that outperforms all existing surf skis in the market. The surf ski is designed for professional surfers and with its high level of performance can help professional surfers outperform their competitors. As the benefits of the sew surf ski become widely known, its demand in the surfing community is likely to rise steadily. Since the surf ski has huge international potential, it is important to ensure that the surf ski is easily available to surfing enthusiasts all over the world. Given the international nature of surfing as a sport, expansion into international markets is necessary to ensure that surfers all over the world have access to our surf skis. However, all international expansions must be carefully planned because a poorly designed international strategy can misfire and lead to huge costs. This report shall look at the most suitable market for ABC Surfer's international ventures and suggest the most suitable entry strategy. Surfing is a popular sport in many countries across Europe and Asia, but no country embraces the sport like the US. Hence, the US should be the obvious choice for ABC Surfers to make their international foray. As far as entry strategy is concerned, direct export is the best strategy at this time given the sensitivity of the technology related to the new surf ski as well as the cost considerations. 2. The American Market According to Westhead et al (2001), a number of factors must be qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed before deciding which market to Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-49549666944393538942019-11-20T01:22:00.001-08:002019-11-20T01:22:03.900-08:00Bhopal Gas Tragedy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 wordsBhopal Gas Tragedy - Essay Example à Union carbide had 50.9% share in UCIL, the company which caused this huge tragedy. The Indian government had control over the remaining 49.1% of the shares. Supreme Court of India allowed Union carbide to sell out its shares to Eveready Industries India Limited in 1994 even though the compensation cases were pending in the Civil and criminal courts in Bhopal, India. In 2010, one of the district court of Bhopal convicted seven ex-employees of UCL along with its chairman Warren Anderson. The court declared 2 years imprisonment as punishment and $ 2000 as fine to these culprits. However, Anderson refused to accept these punishments, citing the reason that Indian courts do not have the authority to punish him since he is an American citizen. Andersonââ¬â¢s argument has caused many controversies and debates with respect to international law. It should be noted that plenty of companies operating internationally at present. It is quite possible that these companies may create problem s in overseas soil and the question of compensation arises then. Moreover the compensation distributed for the victims also created controversies in India. There are plenty of people who believe that the compensation given to the victims are not sufficient. To get more insights into the topic of compensation, while companies operate internationally, this research analyses Bhopal gas tragedy compensation case. Out of 10,29,517 registered cases claiming compensation, 5,74,376 have been awarded compensation after adjudication, said Minister of Chemical and Fertilizers, Srikant Kumar Jena. "A total sum of Rs. 15500.9 million (Rs.1549.19 crore) has been disbursed in 5,73,920 cases upto 31.3.2012. A further sum of Rs. 15105.3 million (Rs.1510.53 crore) has been paid as pro-rata compensation to 5,62,789 of these cases upto 31.3.2012, as per the orders of the Supreme Court. In the remaining 11,587 cases, pro-rata amount is yet to be disbursed," said Srikant Kumar Jena in Lok Sabha (Singh). After reading these statistics presented by the Indian minister one would believe that the compensation dispersed in this case was more than fair. However, a person who analyses this case more deeply may arrive at different conclusions. It should be noted that nobody has any idea about how many of unaddressed victims are there in this tragedy. It is a fact that majority of the victims in this tragedy was those who were waiting for trains in the nearby railway stations. Moreover, many others who died in this disaster were yet to be identified. Government is dispersing compensation only to the identified victims and that also after around 28 years from the tragedy. Majority of the victims who survived this tragedy have already died within this 28 years of period. Under such circumstances, how the government can claim that justice is given to the victims. It should be noted that only the relatives of the victims are currently getting the compensation since the victims are no more to re ceive this compensation. It is difficult for the government to justify the delays caused in this case to disperse the compensation. The major objective of giving compensation is to provide some kind of relief to the victims. Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-88901999923961766182019-11-17T13:53:00.001-08:002019-11-17T13:53:07.196-08:00Factors For and Against Essay Example for Free Factors For and Against Essay Reasons for legalization (ranked from strongest to weakest) 1. Medical benefits for terminal illnesses such as cancer. 2. Police and court resources would be freed to pursue more serious crimes. 3. The FDA could regulate the quality and safety of the drug. 4. This drug has fewer side effects that most currently legal narcotics. 5. Legalization would lower prices, thereby reducing crimes such as theft. 6. If taxed sales of this drug would help lift the U.S. economy by billions of dollars a year. Reasons against legalization (ranked from strongest to weakest) 1. Issues such as driving under the influence may increase. 2. Legalizing this drug might increase the number of juvenile users. 3. This drug may be a gateway drug to more dangerous drugs such as heroin or cocaine 4. There would be an increase in lung damage and the damage to non-users through second hand smoke. 5. Legalization of this drug could lead to legalization of ââ¬Å"harderâ⬠drugs 6. Some consider this drug morally wrong. I have seen the effects this drug has on a terminally ill patient. My late husband, who was just 39 years old when he died of colon cancer, used Marijuana on just a couple of occasions and the difference before and after its use were abundantly clear. Tom was diagnosed with colon cancer at the age of 36, and only given 15 months to live, because of his military and ethical background he swore he would never use Marijuana unless it was legalized. As his illness got worse his thinking changed, he just wanted to feel better, and the narcotics he was prescribed by his oncologist made him weak, tired, decreased his appetite and caused nausea. He hated being on these narcotics as he didnââ¬â¢t feel he could enjoy the little life he had left, he could barely get out of bed let alone play with his children. During the second year of his illness we went camping with some friends, to a little cabin 2 hours off the paved road. Tom could scarcely sit up in front of the campfire, but tried his best to enjoy possibly the last camping trip of his life. After the children were asleep one of our friends began to smoke marijuana and asked if we wanted any, I declined but Tom wanted to try it, just to see how it would make him feel. Within five minutes of smoking marijuana Tom was up walking around, he ate, laughed and even began helping cut wood and attend to the fire. The difference was noticeable to us all, it was amazing. First thing in the morning he smoked some more marijuana, and was able to play with his children, go for a mile long walk and eat some more. Upon returning home Tom stated that while he would like to use the drug again, but he couldnââ¬â¢t bring himself to break the law, and therefore did not try the drug again. During Tomââ¬â¢s illness those two short days in the mountains were some of his best. The marijuana took away his nausea and pain, his appetite was increased and his pain was nowhere near the same high levels he experienced without the drug. Because I have seen the benefits of this drug in person, I have placed this as my strongest argument for the legalization of this drug. It was very difficult for me to rank the arguments for the legalization of marijuana, because I found them all to be quite beneficial, yet I had to place the fiscal benefit towards the bottom of the list. My reasoning for this is because if this drug were moved from a schedule I drug to a schedule II drug, and was only legal if prescribed, the prescription would not be taxed thereby eliminating this argument for the legalization. My strongest reason against the legalization of marijuana is the possible dangers of driving while under the influence of this drug. This is a big issue with most any drug, most notably alcohol, but this danger is not only posed to the user but those around the user as well. While many people are stopped and arrested for driving under the influence of marijuana, it would seem logical that this would only increase with legalization, much like alcohol. My weakest argument against legalization is that it is considered morally wrong by some people. The reason I placed this last is because not all people would consider this morally wrong. There are many things that people consider morally wrong, yet they are legal. For example the Mormon religion believes that alcohol, tea, coffee and caffeinated drinks are morally wrong, yet these are not made illegal. This argument seems to be the loosest of all the arguments, and therefore was placed at the bottom of the list. Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2567487041736217533.post-21166535908323317102019-11-15T02:25:00.001-08:002019-11-15T02:25:05.080-08:00Alternate Energy Sources :: essays papersAlternate Energy Sources WINDMILLS The reason why I chose to do a project on windmills is because I would always drive out to Palm Springs and I would see these huge thingââ¬â¢s that looked like something out of a star wars movie. When I got closer to them I realized what they were. They were windmills. Once I knew what they were I wanted to know what they did, my mom told me that they provide energy. Windmills are made of parts such as the rooter electric generator, speed control system and the tower. When there is a large group of windmills, they are called wind farms. Wind farms are located in deserts. Because wind mill farms are usually in the desert the energy has a long way to travel to get to a town. Some advantages to the windmill is that itââ¬â¢s a renewable source of energy and itââ¬â¢s very cheap, the energy that comes will never run out because the sun gives off convection currents which the energy from windmills will never run out. Another great thing about the wind mill is it needs very low maintenance. Some cons to the wind mill is that they are not as people would like. Because the wind has no rules you canââ¬â¢t always depend on it. You canââ¬â¢t save up wind mills for when there is an energy crisis like right now. People complain that windmills are too noisy, but since not that many people live very close to them its not that big of an issue. A very bad problem with windmills and a sad one is that the blades of the windmills kill lots of migrating birds. In the olden days they used to use windmills for energy to grind grain. In factories they would use windmills to saw wood. During the 1800ââ¬â¢s in America people would use the mills to pump water. Wind power is the fastest growing form of energy. Bailey Schwarzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07889700628192973237noreply@blogger.com0